History of Hyaluronic Acid

In 1934, scientists Karl Meyer and John Palmer first isolated HA from the vitreous of cow eyes, discovering its unique moisturizing and lubricating properties. HA’s medical applications began over 70 years ago. Using time as a clue, we can clearly see the application history of hyaluronic acid.

• 1934 – HA was first isolated.
• 1930s-40s – HA was extracted from synovial fluid, skin, umbilical cords, tumors, and rooster combs.
• 1940s-50s – HA began to be used in medicine and eye surgeries, especially in cataract treatments.
• 1951 – The chemical structure of HA was determined.
• 1970s – Cartilage proteoglycans were found to interact specifically with HA.
• 1980s – HA was widely used to treat arthritis and introduced into cosmetics and skincare.
• 1993 – Hyaluronate synthase was discovered and cloned from Group A streptococcus.
• 1999 – The first purification of active HA synthase.
• Today – HA is mainly produced through bacterial fermentation, an efficient and eco-friendly method widely applied in pharmaceuticals, skincare, and biotechnology.

Medical Value of Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid has a wide range of applications in the medical field: cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of inflammation, vascular generation, and treatment of tumor cancer.

Fig 1. Benefits of Medical-Grade HA

1. Promoting Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

HA is an important substance in cell proliferation and differentiation. As an essential component of the ECM, HA could create a proper microenvironment for cell regeneration to help in wound healing and repair of cartilage tissue. For example, HA enhances chondrocyte cell proliferation, which is very effective in cartilage regeneration and also in the functional recovery process.

2. Modulating Inflammation

HA is an important mediator in the regulation of inflammatory processes. It may modulate the activity of immune cells, thereby reducing excessive inflammation, which may prevent tissue damage. In this respect, intra-articular injections of HA may reduce pain and improve functional ability in certain clinical conditions such as osteoarthritis. It reduces inflammation during the healing of skin wounds and hence promotes tissue repair.

3. Enhancing Vascular Generation

HA contributes to the process of angiogenesis-or, new blood vessel formation-which is important in processes such as wound healing and tissue regeneration and some pathologies such as tumor growth. HA functions through interaction with its receptors to enhance migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and, thus, hastens vascular formation. This mechanism not only helps accelerate wound healing, but can also play a positive role in certain therapeutic areas, such as the treatment of ischemic diseases.

Read more: Top 10 Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid

4. Cancer Cells Inhibition

HA has been in focus in application to cancer treatment. In the case of low molecular weight HA, Exogenous LMW-HA may exert anti-tumor effects by directly triggering an immune response, decreasing the proliferation of tumor cells, or remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Though partially unclear, Exogenous LMW-HA has been proposed to interact with specific immune cells and interfere with tumor cell signaling. More recently, HA has been suggested for application in improving the diagnosis of cancer and as part of targeted drug delivery systems, offering higher specificity in cancer treatments.

Reference: Does Hyaluronic Acid Cause Cancer

Table 1. Overview of the medical value and application of hyaluronic acid

Biomedical Products Based on HA

Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic properties, several biomedical products have been developed based on HA:

• Injectables: Used for skin fillers, joint lubrication, and anti-aging treatments, such as facial fillers and joint injections.
• Oral Supplements: Often used to improve skin hydration, quality, and joint health.
• Drug Delivery Systems: HA serves as a carrier for slow drug release, improving absorption and bioavailability at specific sites.
• Ophthalmic Solutions: Such as artificial tears and corneal repair solutions, used to alleviate dry eyes and promote corneal healing.
• Wound Dressings: HA promotes wound healing and is used in treating burns, ulcers, and other injuries.
• Bone Tissue Engineering Materials: Used to promote bone and cartilage regeneration.
• Contact Lens Lubricants: Provides comfort and relieves dryness for contact lens wearers.

Fig 2. Biomedical Products Based on HA

Conclusion

As a biocompatible and biodegradable compound, HA holds immense potential as a bioactive molecule for various physiological and pathological conditions. Its applications span from skincare benefits to cancer treatment, inflammation regulation, and chronic disease management. With advancing technology, we can expect more efficient production processes and innovative therapeutic products in the future.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a professional supplier of hyaluronic acid. SCC offers high-purity, high-quality, and safe sodium hyaluronate powder (including food-grade, cosmetic-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade). All of SCC’s hyaluronic acid products are made using the bacterial fermentation method, ensuring safety and reliability.

List of Medical-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate Powder：

• HA-EM2.0-SC
• HA-EM2.4-SC
• HA-EM3.0-SC

Reference:

Iaconisi, G.N.; Lunetti, P.; Gallo, N.; Cappello, A.R.; Fiermonte, G.; Dolce, V.; Capobianco, L. Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210296

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Chondroitin sulfate is a crucial component in the realm of joint health and cartilage support. Cartilage is a connective tissue responsible for cushioning joints and enabling smooth movement. With this intricate structure, chondroitin sulfate plays a pivotal role in maintaining structural integrity and resilience.

Cartilage Support in the Joint [1]

Therefore, chondroitin sulfate is a subject of extensive research and is a popular supplement in managing joint-related conditions. This article is going to have a detailed discussion about its properties and uses. Hope that you can have a better understanding.

What Is Chondroitin Sulfate?

Structure of Chondroitin Sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG). GAG is a crucial component of cartilage, connective tissues, and various structural elements in the body. GAG’s structure and function contribute significantly to the maintenance of tissue integrity and elasticity.

• Molecular Composition: Chondroitin sulfate is a linear polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units. Each unit comprises N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid. They are linked together in a specific arrangement.
• Sulfation: The disaccharide units undergo sulfation at different positions. Such sulfation mainly happens at the 4th and/or 6th carbon of the N-acetylgalactosamine residue. The varying patterns of sulfation give rise to different types of chondroitin sulfate.
• Chain Length and Variants: Chondroitin sulfate chains can vary in length and sulfation patterns. So, we have diverse molecular weights and forms. This structural variability influences its biological functions.

Function of Chondroitin Sulfate

The function of chondroitin sulfate encompasses pivotal roles in maintaining joint health and supporting the structural integrity of cartilage. Here’s an in-depth look at its key functions:

• Cartilage Support: Chondroitin sulfate provides resilience and structural support to the tissue. It helps maintain the cartilage’s hydration by attracting and retaining water molecules within the extracellular matrix. It also contributes to its cushioning properties.
• Joint Health: In joints, chondroitin sulfate assists in resisting compressive forces and provides elasticity to the tissues. In these ways, it promotes joint mobility and function.
• Biological Functions: It interacts with various biological molecules and cellular receptors. It contributes to cell signaling processes, cell adhesion, and the regulation of inflammatory mediators. So, it can potentially influence tissue repair mechanisms and modulate inflammatory responses in joint health.
• Anti-inflammatory Properties: Chondroitin sulfate possesses mild anti-inflammatory effects. It may inhibit certain enzymes involved in cartilage breakdown and help alleviate joint discomfort associated with inflammatory processes.

Related reading: Chondroitin Sulfate: Your Natural Solution for Osteoarthritis Relief

Role in Cartilage Health and Joint Function

In the context of joint health, chondroitin sulfate plays multiple roles.

• Firstly, it helps inhibit the activity of enzymes that degrade cartilage components. Thereby, it largely slows down the breakdown of cartilage associated with conditions like osteoarthritis.
• Additionally, it aids in maintaining the elasticity and resilience of cartilage, facilitating smooth joint movement, and reducing friction between bones.
• Furthermore, chondroitin sulfate may reduce joint inflammation and associated discomfort.

Related reading: Substances and Supplements for Joint Health

How Is Chondroitin Sulfate Used for Cartilage Support?

Scientific Evidence and Clinical Applications

Clinical studies have provided insights into the potential efficacy of chondroitin sulfate in managing joint disorders, particularly osteoarthritis. Such research showcases its impact on joint health and function.

–Symptomatic Relief:

Numerous trials have evaluated the use of chondroitin sulfate supplements in individuals with osteoarthritis.

Research indicates that chondroitin sulfate can contribute to symptomatic relief, including reductions in joint pain, and stiffness, and improved joint mobility. These effects are often observed over extended periods of consistent use.

–Joint Structure and Function:

There are many more studies employing imaging techniques, such as MRI assessments and joint space measurements.

They have suggested that chondroitin sulfate may help preserve joint structure and slow down the progression of joint degradation in osteoarthritis patients. This implies a potential protective effect on cartilage and joint tissues.

–Combination Therapies:

Some clinical trials have explored the benefits of combining chondroitin sulfate with other joint health compounds, like glucosamine.

Findings suggest that the combination might provide enhanced symptomatic relief and functional improvements compared to individual components alone.

–Long-Term Effects:

Research examining the long-term use of chondroitin sulfate supplements indicates a sustained benefit in managing joint-related symptoms over extended periods.

Studies spanning several years have reported continued improvements in pain reduction and joint function. They emphasize its potential for long-term joint health management.

Supplementation and Recommendations

However, while numerous studies have shown promising results, the overall evidence remains somewhat mixed. Some trials have reported more modest effects, while others have shown significant benefits.

Factors such as study design, participant characteristics, dosage, and treatment duration contribute to varying outcomes. Therefore, it is essential for further research and larger-scale clinical trials to establish clearer guidelines for its use in joint disorder management.

Besides, individual responses to supplementation can vary, and it’s advisable to consult healthcare professionals for personalized recommendations, especially for those with existing medical conditions or taking other medications.

Future Directions and Conclusion

As research continues to evolve, the role of chondroitin sulfate in supporting cartilage health remains a subject of ongoing investigation.

Future studies seek to delve deeper into its mechanisms of action, optimal dosage, and potential synergistic effects with other compounds for enhanced joint support.

Conclusion

Overall, chondroitin sulfate is a valuable element in the maintenance of cartilage health and joint function. It offers promising avenues for managing joint-related conditions and enhancing overall mobility and well-being.

With a legacy spanning 16 years, Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) specializes in research, development, manufacturing, and sales of chondroitin sulfate. Our offerings include pharmaceutical-grade and food-grade chondroitin sulfate. These products come from sources such as bovine and shark cartilage. Explore our website to reach out with any inquiries or interest in our products.

Reference:

[1] Advanced Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Recent Progress and Future Directions – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Cartilage-tissue-component-and-its-types-in-the-human-body-B-main-layer-of-hyaline_fig2_356670479 [accessed 8 Jan, 2024]

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Joint health is a vital aspect of overall well-being because it directly impacts our mobility and quality of life. Whether you’re an athlete aiming to shield your joints from injury or an individual searching for relief from joint discomfort, there is a range of substances and supplements that can contribute to enhancing and preserving joint health. In this article, we explore some common substances known for their potential benefits in promoting joint health.

1. Glucosamine:

• What is it: Glucosamine is a naturally occurring compound in the body. Its highest concentration is in cartilage.
• How it helps: Glucosamine plays a vital role in maintaining joint structure and function. This supplement is often used to alleviate joint pain and enhance joint flexibility, so it has become a popular choice for individuals with osteoarthritis.

Chemical Structure of Glucosamine [1]

Chondroitin:

• What is it: Chondroitin is another essential component of cartilage and a common complement to glucosamine supplements.
• How it helps: Chondroitin is believed to reduce joint pain and inflammation. Then, it potentially slows down the progression of osteoarthritis. If combined with glucosamine, these supplements can provide synergistic benefits.

Chemical Structure of Chondroitin [2]

3. Omega-3 Fatty Acids:

• What are they: Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats commonly found in fish oil supplements.
• How they help: Omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory properties. They may also help reduce joint pain and stiffness. They are frequently used to manage conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory joint disorders.

4. Turmeric and Curcumin:

• What are they: Turmeric is a vibrant yellow spice. Curcumin is an active compound in Tumeric with potent anti-inflammatory properties.
• How they help: Curcumin supplements could reduce joint pain and enhance joint function in individuals with osteoarthritis and other inflammatory joint conditions.

5. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM):

• What is it: Methylsulfonylmethane, often referred to as MSM, is a naturally occurring compound that contains sulfur.
• How it helps: MSM is believed to reduce joint pain and inflammation because sulfur is essential for collagen production and joint health.

6. Boswellia:

• What is it: Boswellia serrata, or Indian frankincense, is an herbal supplement.
• How it helps: It may help manage inflammation and reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its potential joint-related benefits.

7. Hyaluronic Acid (HA):

• What is it: Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of synovial fluid. It lubricates and cushions the joints.
• How it helps: HA supplements aim to enhance joint lubrication and reduce pain. It can be beneficial for individuals with conditions like osteoarthritis.

8. Collagen:

• What is it: Collagen is a primary protein found in cartilage and other connective tissues.
• How it helps: Collagen supplements improve joint mobility and potentially reduce pain. They are particularly useful for individuals with osteoarthritis.

9. Vitamin D:

• What is it: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in bone health.
• How it helps: Adequate levels of vitamin D are essential for bone health. It indirectly contributes to joint health by preventing bone loss and preserving joint function.

10. Calcium:

• What is it: Calcium is a mineral vital for maintaining strong bones.
• How it helps: Calcium should be in combination with vitamin D to prevent the onset or progression of osteoporosis.

It’s important to emphasize that their effectiveness can vary from person to person, and their impact may depend on the underlying cause of joint issues. Therefore, before starting any new supplement regimen, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and weight management is essential for promoting and preserving joint health in the long term.

Conclusion

Incorporating these substances and supplements can be valuable for your joint health. Yet, always remember that personalized guidance from a healthcare provider is essential as well. Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a trustful supplier of chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, etc. Customization is also available. Please check our homepage for more information.

Reference:

[1] American Chemistry Society (2020). Molecule of the Week Archive D-Glucosamine. American Chemistry Society. https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/g/d-glucosamine.html

[2] American Chemistry Society Huskisson, Edward. (2008). Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis. The Journal of international medical research. 36. 1161-79. 10.1177/147323000803600602.

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) has gained significant attention in the beauty industry for its remarkable hydrating and anti-aging properties. It has become a staple ingredient in skincare products, known for its ability to plump and moisturize the skin. However, the benefits of HA extend far beyond the realm of beauty. This versatile substance also plays a vital role in joint health and overall well-being. Let’s dive into the versatility of hyaluronic acid and discover its diverse applications.

Understanding Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is a type of carbohydrate molecule that is naturally produced by the body. It is found in various tissues and fluids, such as the skin, joints, and eyes. HA is known for its ability to retain moisture, which helps to keep tissues well-lubricated and moisturized. It has various applications in the medical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Chemical Structure of HA

Applications of Hyaluronic Acid

1.    The Beauty of Hyaluronic Acid

In the realm of beauty, hyaluronic acid has gained a reputation as a holy grail ingredient. Its unique ability to retain moisture makes it a powerful hydrator for the skin. HA molecules can hold up to 1,000 times their weight in water, helping to replenish and maintain optimal hydration levels. By attracting and locking in moisture, it plumps the skin, smooths out fine lines and wrinkles, and enhances overall radiance. Therefore, HA becomes a key ingredient in serums, moisturizers, and facial masks, providing a boost of hydration and promoting a youthful complexion.

2.    Dermal Fillers and Facial Contouring

Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers are another HA product in the field of cosmetics. They are used to restore lost volume, enhance facial contours, and diminish the appearance of wrinkles and folds. By injecting them beneath the skin’s surface, a skilled professional can sculpt and rejuvenate the face, providing natural-looking results. Dermal fillers offer a non-surgical solution for those seeking facial rejuvenation and enhancement. So, most individuals can resume their regular activities immediately after the treatment.

3.    Joint Health and Hyaluronic Acid

Beyond its beauty benefits, hyaluronic acid plays a critical role in maintaining healthy joints. It is naturally present in the synovial fluid that lubricates and cushions the joints. HA acts as a shock absorber, reducing friction and ensuring smooth movement. With age or certain medical conditions, its production in the joints may decrease, leading to joint stiffness, discomfort, and limited mobility. In these cases, HA injections can be administered directly into the affected joint to restore lubrication, reduce pain, and improve joint function. These injections have become a popular treatment option for individuals with conditions such as osteoarthritis.

4.    Eye Health and Lubrication

Medical-grade HA is also used in ophthalmology for its lubricating properties in the form of eye drops. These eye drops help alleviate symptoms of dry eyes by providing a protective and moisturizing layer on the surface of the eyes. The hyaluronic acid forms a barrier that prevents moisture loss, reduces friction, and soothes dryness, thereby improving overall eye comfort and health.

5.    Wound Healing and Tissue Repair

Hyaluronic acid’s versatile nature extends to the realm of wound healing and tissue repair. HA plays a crucial role in the body’s natural healing processes. It promotes cell migration, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), which are essential for efficient wound healing. By providing a favorable environment for tissue regeneration, this natural substance supports the body’s ability to heal wounds, reduce scarring, and promote overall tissue repair.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid is undoubtedly a versatile and multi-faceted compound. Its hydrating and anti-aging properties make it a go-to ingredient in the beauty industry, helping individuals achieve plump and youthful skin. Moreover, this acid plays a vital role in joint health, wound healing, eye lubrication, and facial contouring. Its ability to provide hydration, lubrication, and tissue repair makes it a valuable asset in various medical and cosmetic applications. Whether you’re seeking a beauty boost or joint relief, hyaluronic acid proves to be an exceptional ally in promoting overall well-being.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) offers quality hyaluronic acid powder for skin care and joint health applications. Both cosmetic-grade HA and medical-grade HA are available. You can check our website for more information. Hope that you can find the perfect HA products for your business or research.

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