Stanford Chemicals https://www.stanfordchem.com Global Supplier of Hyaluronic Acid & Chondroitin Sulfate Fri, 20 Dec 2024 03:36:14 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=4.9.18 https://www.stanfordchem.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-STANFORD-CHEMICALS-LOGO-1-32x32.jpg Stanford Chemicals https://www.stanfordchem.com 32 32 Summary: Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies https://www.stanfordchem.com/summary-artemisinin-based-combination-therapies.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/summary-artemisinin-based-combination-therapies.html#respond Tue, 17 Dec 2024 08:47:51 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=10107 Artemisinin and its derivatives (such as artesunate and dihydroartemisinin) have shown remarkable potential not only in anti-malarial treatment but also in the fields of cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Combination therapy can enhance efficacy, reduce resistance, and lower the side effects associated with monotherapy. Fig 1. Artemisinin source and structure Advantages of Artemisinin Combination […]

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Artemisinin and its derivatives (such as artesunate and dihydroartemisinin) have shown remarkable potential not only in anti-malarial treatment but also in the fields of cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Combination therapy can enhance efficacy, reduce resistance, and lower the side effects associated with monotherapy.

Advantages of Artemisinin Combination Therapy

Fig 1. Artemisinin source and structure

Advantages of Artemisinin Combination Therapy

Artemisinin combination therapy enhances efficacy, reduces recurrence, delays resistance, and minimizes side effects across various treatments.

–Improving Efficacy

Artemisinin acts quickly but has a very short half-life. Using long-acting drugs like piperaquine for malaria, along with treatments like cisplatin or PD-1 antibodies, can improve results. This approach targets pathogens or tumor cells more effectively.

–Reducing Recurrence

Using other drugs, like mefloquine or ribavirin, lowers the risk of drug resistance. This happens because these drugs attack pathogens or viruses in different ways. As a result, the chances of survival for these harmful agents decrease.

–Reducing Drug Resistance

Combination with other drugs (e.g., mefloquine or ribavirin) decreases the risk of drug resistance by attacking pathogens or viruses through multiple mechanisms, hence diminishing their chances of survival.

–Lowering Side Effects

Combining therapies helps reduce the dose of harmful drugs. For example, it can lower steroid use in autoimmune diseases. This decreases side effects while keeping the treatment effective.

Summary: Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies

Anti-Malarial Combination Therapy

In the anti-malarial field, combination therapy is currently the main strategy for treating malaria, particularly to counteract resistance to Plasmodium parasites. Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first-line treatment for malaria.

Artemisinin and its derivatives can quickly lower the number of parasites in the body. Combination therapies also help reduce the risk of resistance to one drug.

 

List of artemisinin combination therapy for malarial:

Combination Drug Effect
Chloroquine Initially combined for malaria treatment, but its use decreased due to chloroquine resistance.
Mefloquine Combined for the treatment of resistant falciparum malaria.
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) Combined to improve efficacy against falciparum malaria.
Piperaquine Artemisinin-piperaquine combination therapy (ACT) is recommended by WHO as a standard treatment for malaria.
Amodiaquine Can be combined for the treatment of pediatric malaria.

Anti-Cancer Combination Therapy

Artemisinin and its derivatives have recently been found to possess anti-cancer properties. Based on iron-dependent cytotoxicity, artemisinin selectively targets cancer cells, inducing apoptosis. Studies have shown that artemisinin exhibits inhibitory effects on breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, and ovarian cancer. [1]Combining artemisinin with other drugs can enhance efficacy and improve treatment outcomes.

 

List of combination therapies for cancers:

Combination Drug Effect
Iron supplements (e.g., ferrous sulfate) Increase intracellular iron concentration in cancer cells, enhancing artemisinin’s selective cytotoxic effect.
Cisplatin Combined for the treatment of ovarian and lung cancers.
Docetaxel Improves treatment efficacy against breast cancer.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1 antibodies) Combined to enhance immune response.
Vitamin C Combined to promote oxidative stress and free radical generation, enhancing anti-cancer effects.

Anti-Viral Combination Therapy

Artemisinin exhibits multiple mechanisms of action, including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating effects. Artemisinin and its derivatives can block SARS-CoV-2. They may stop the virus from entering host cells or reduce its replication[2] Some clinical trials have evaluated the effects of artemisinin in combination with other drugs.

 

Anti-Viral combination therapy list:

Combination Drug Effect
Lopinavir Artemisinin combined with these anti-HIV drugs has shown synergistic effects in studies on SARS-CoV-2
Ribavirin Help suppress RNA virus infections
Interferon Combined to enhance host immune responses and inhibit viral replication

Combination Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases

T cells and B cells are important for the immune system. When they are activated incorrectly, it can lead to autoimmune diseases.

Artemisinin-based drugs can affect how T cells and B cells work. They can stop these cells from activating and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines. This helps to ease autoimmune diseases.

Combining artemisinin with other drugs can improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects, particularly in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and multiple sclerosis (MS).

 

Combination therapies for autoimmune diseases:

Combination Drug Effect
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Combined to improve arthritis symptoms and relieve joint swelling and morning stiffness
Immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclophosphamide) May regulate immune function and improve SLE symptoms
Interferon-β Reduces relapse rates and alleviates inflammatory damage in MS
Sulfasalazine Combined to improve symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.

 

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of Sodium Hyaluronate Powder and various herbal extracts. We offer various molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate powder, artemisinin, dihydromyricetin, and chondroitin sulfate. For more information on these materials, please check out our home page.

[1] Anna Maria Posadino, Roberta Giordo, Gianfranco Pintus, Medicinal and mechanistic overview of artemisinin in the treatment of human diseases, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 163, 2023, 114866, ISSN 0753-3322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114866.

[2] Beyraghdar Kashkooli, A., Babaei, A., Rezaei, A., & R., A. (2022). Artemisinins in Combating Viral Infections Like SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation and Cancers and Options to Meet Increased Global Demand. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 780257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.780257

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Natural Ingredients vs. Chemical Ingredients in Skincare Products: Which Is Safer https://www.stanfordchem.com/natural-ingredients-vs-chemical-ingredients-in-skincare-products-which-is-safer.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/natural-ingredients-vs-chemical-ingredients-in-skincare-products-which-is-safer.html#respond Tue, 10 Dec 2024 08:35:25 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=10095 In today’s cosmetics market, consumers are paying more attention to the safety and efficacy of products. Discussions about natural ingredients have become increasingly popular in recent years. This trend has also influenced consumer behavior. According to statistics, more than 40% of shoppers prioritize natural ingredients in beauty and personal care products. Natural Ingredients in Skincare […]

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In today’s cosmetics market, consumers are paying more attention to the safety and efficacy of products. Discussions about natural ingredients have become increasingly popular in recent years. This trend has also influenced consumer behavior. According to statistics, more than 40% of shoppers prioritize natural ingredients in beauty and personal care products.

Natural Ingredients in Skincare Products

Generally, ingredients derived from natural resources and obtained through physical extraction or simple chemical processing are referred to as “natural ingredients.”

Natural Ingredients vs. Chemical Ingredients in Skincare Products: Which Is Safer

1. Herbal Extracts

Herbal extracts are common natural ingredients in cosmetics. For example, centella asiatica extract has repairing and anti-inflammatory effects. It is rich in triterpenoids, which promote collagen synthesis, speed up skin healing, and reduce inflammation, making it particularly beneficial for acne-prone and sensitive skin.

Chamomile extract is rich in flavonoids, which soothe the skin, reduce redness and itching, and provide antioxidant benefits, helping to relieve skin stress.

2. Natural Oils

Natural oils are moisturizing and nourishing ingredients in skincare products. For example, shea butter is rich in fatty acids and vitamins, which repair dry skin, enhance skin elasticity, and form a moisture-locking barrier on the skin surface.

Coconut oil has excellent penetrative properties, deeply moisturizing the skin. Its natural antibacterial properties help relieve inflammation, making it suitable for dry and sensitive skin.

3. Natural Polysaccharides and Proteins

Natural polysaccharides and proteins are important active ingredients in skincare products. For example, hyaluronic acid has exceptional hydrating properties. It can attract moisture and form a hydrating film on the skin surface, improving dryness and increasing elasticity.

Collagen is a natural protein that fills the gaps between skin cells, improving skin firmness and softness. Elastin is particularly effective in enhancing skin elasticity, suitable for anti-aging skincare needs.

4. Natural Acids

Natural acids are often used for exfoliation and brightening. For example, AHA (alpha-hydroxy acids), derived from fruit extracts, gently removes dead skin cells, improves dullness, and refines skin texture.

BHA (beta-hydroxy acids), derived from willow bark, penetrates pores to dissolve oil, reducing blackheads and acne. Lactic acid is known for its gentle exfoliation, making it suitable for sensitive skin.

5. Natural Minerals

Natural minerals are mainly used for sun protection and oil control. For example, titanium dioxide is a natural mineral sunscreen that reflects UV rays, protecting the skin from photoaging.

Kaolin clay is an absorbent mineral that effectively removes excess oil and impurities, purifies pores, and is often used in skin-cleansing products.

6. Other Natural Active Substances

Other natural active substances also play important roles in cosmetics. For instance, honey is a natural humectant rich in various sugars and minerals that deeply hydrate the skin and improve its barrier function.

Pearl powder is popular for its rich calcium and amino acid content, which not only whitens the skin but also reduces fine lines and dullness. Algae extracts contain a variety of minerals and polysaccharides, providing hydration, antioxidation, and enhanced skin repair. Spirulina, rich in proteins and vitamins, is one of the best ingredients for anti-aging skincare.

Natural Ingredients in Skincare Products

Chemical Ingredients in Skincare Products

Some ingredients, such as niacinamide (Vitamin B3), are naturally present in many foods, but extracting them directly from these sources is not economical. Their natural content is low, and the extraction cost is high, making it difficult to meet large-scale, high-purity demands. In such cases, synthetic production becomes a more reasonable choice.

Main Chemical Ingredients Overview

Type

Ingredient Benefits
Active Ingredients Niacinamide Whitening, antioxidant, evens skin tone
Retinol Anti-aging, promotes cell renewal
Ferulic Acid Enhances the stability of other antioxidants
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate Whitening, antioxidant
Glycolic Acid Exfoliation
Moisturizers Glycerin Hydration
Propylene Glycol Locks in moisture
Butylene Glycol Hydration, texture adjustment
PEG Compounds Hydration, emulsification
Urea Softens keratin, deep hydration
Preservatives Phenoxyethanol Broad-spectrum antibacterial, extends shelf life
Parabens Prevents bacterial and fungal growth
MIT High-efficiency preservative
Antioxidants Coenzyme Q10 Antioxidant, anti-aging
Benzophenone Absorbs UV rays
Ethyl Vitamin C Antioxidant
Texture Modifiers Silicones Smooths skin
Carbomer Thickening agent, forms gels
Polyacrylamide

Film-forming

 

Which Is Safer

Natural ingredients come from nature, retaining the diversity and potential synergistic effects found in their natural state. For example, chamomile extract offers both anti-inflammatory and soothing properties for the skin. In contrast, chemically synthesized ingredients lack these characteristics and primarily serve a single function.

However, despite the many advantages of natural ingredients in cosmetics, there are challenges and considerations to keep in mind. First, natural ingredients may be less stable than synthetic ones and can be easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature and light. Second, the extraction and processing of natural ingredients require strict controls to ensure their quality and safety. Additionally, even natural ingredients can sometimes cause allergic reactions, particularly for individuals with sensitive skin.

Of course, some chemical ingredients (such as high-concentration salicylic acid and paraben preservatives) can also cause irritation or even raise health concerns. Moreover, it is worth noting that certain chemical ingredients, such as silicones, may pose potential environmental risks.

Natural Ingredients vs. Chemical Ingredients in Skincare Products

Market Trends: Natural Ingredients Replacing Synthetic Ones

As health and environmental awareness grow, consumers are more inclined to choose cosmetics containing natural ingredients. This trend is driving companies to make changes.

Firstly, companies are focusing on selecting environmentally and socially friendly alternatives that do not compromise product efficacy, safety, or shelf life. Advances in green chemistry and biotechnology have provided solutions, such as replacing petroleum-derived emollients with plant-based oils or squalane from sustainable sources.

Replacing synthetic preservatives with natural ones is another significant shift. Plant extracts and essential oils, such as tea tree, cinnamon, and thyme extracts, are leading this change by offering effective antibacterial protection and enhancing the sensory properties of products.

 

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) has over 16 years of experience in the manufacture and sale of skin care and personal care ingredients. We offer skin care ingredient raw materials to meet a variety of skin care needs.

 

Reference:

Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know

Acids in Skincare: What Are the Different Uses and Precautions

Hyaluronic Acid vs. Retinol vs. Vitamin C: Which Is Best for Skincare?

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Sodium Hyaluronate: Uses, Molecular Weight, Production and Derivatives https://www.stanfordchem.com/sodium-hyaluronate-uses-molecular-weight-production-and-derivatives.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/sodium-hyaluronate-uses-molecular-weight-production-and-derivatives.html#respond Tue, 03 Dec 2024 07:37:57 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=10044 When sodium hyaluronate is mentioned, many people might first think of the “hydrating ingredient” in skincare products, but its story goes far beyond that. As a powerful biological molecule, it plays a significant role in beauty, medicine, and health care. Multiple Functions of Sodium Hyaluronate From skincare to medicine, joint care to genetic engineering, sodium […]

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When sodium hyaluronate is mentioned, many people might first think of the “hydrating ingredient” in skincare products, but its story goes far beyond that. As a powerful biological molecule, it plays a significant role in beauty, medicine, and health care.

Multiple Functions of Sodium Hyaluronate

From skincare to medicine, joint care to genetic engineering, sodium hyaluronate has become an indispensable part of modern technology and daily life.

Multiple Functions of Sodium Hyaluronate

Fig 1. Wide range of uses for hyaluronic acid

–A Multifunctional Skincare Ingredient

Sodium hyaluronate is a star in skincare products. It boasts excellent moisturizing properties, repairs the skin barrier, and fights aging. It quickly increases the skin’s water content, restoring its radiance. Whether it’s a luxury serum or an affordable mask, you’re likely to find its presence.

Read more: Hyaluronic Acid vs Glycerin: Which is More Hydrating

–A Star Ingredient in the Beauty Industry

It is not only a key ingredient in skincare but also a celebrity in the beauty field. From injectable fillers and skin tightening to restoring elasticity, sodium hyaluronate plays a crucial role.

— A Key Component of Artificial Tears

For modern individuals who spend extended periods staring at screens, dry eye syndrome has become a common issue. Sodium hyaluronate, with its excellent lubricating and moisturizing properties, is widely used in artificial tears, effectively alleviating eye discomfort and fatigue.

Read more: From Surgery to Daily Care: The Versatile Role of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health

— A Miracle Ingredient for Joint Pain Relief

Joint problems are often caused by the loss of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. Sodium hyaluronate is used in joint injection solutions to provide lubrication, reduce friction and pain, and restore mobility for osteoarthritis patients.

— Significant Applications in Medicine

In surgeries, sodium hyaluronate serves as a tissue filler or drug carrier, accelerating tissue healing and reducing inflammation. Additionally, it is used in wound repair and oral care, demonstrating extraordinary medical value.

How Molecular Weight Affects Sodium Hyaluronate Uses

The molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate determines its characteristics in absorption, penetration, lubrication, and repair, making it a crucial reference for its specific applications.

High vs Low Molecular Weight hyaluronic acid

Fig 2. HA with different molecular weights has different permeability

–High Molecular Weight HA: Preferred for Barrier and Lubrication

High molecular weight (>1,800 kDa) sodium hyaluronate tends to remain on the surface, forming a viscoelastic film.

  • Joint Treatment: In osteoarthritis therapy, it enhances the viscoelasticity of joint fluid, reduces friction, and alleviates pain.
  • Ophthalmology: Its lubricating properties protect the cornea and alleviate discomfort in dry eyes, particularly for contact lens wearers.
  • Food Industry: Used as a food additive to improve oral and esophageal lubrication, aiding those with swallowing difficulties.

— Medium Molecular Weight HA: Balanced Properties for Broad Applications

Medium molecular weight (200–1,800 kDa) sodium hyaluronate offers a balance of surface action and penetration.

  • Medical Dressings: Exhibits excellent tissue repair properties for burns and wounds, covering surfaces while promoting regeneration.
  • Drug Delivery: Used as a matrix material for drug delivery systems, enabling slow drug release and improved bioavailability.

— Low Molecular Weight HA: Core for Penetration and Repair

Low molecular weight (5-200 kDa) sodium hyaluronate has excellent penetration properties, reaching deep into tissues or cells.

Aesthetic Treatments: Used for deep tissue filling in injections, such as correcting depressions or scar repair.

  • Drug Development: Its penetration performance makes it an effective drug carrier for cancer and immune regulation treatments.
  • Anti-inflammatory and Immune Regulation: It modulates inflammatory responses, aiding in pathological inflammation suppression in immunological research and therapies.

— Ultra-Low Molecular Weight HA: Exploring Frontier Functions

Ultra-low molecular weight (<5 kDa) sodium hyaluronate has drawn attention in modern medicine and biotechnology.

  • Gene Therapy: Serves as a new type of gene delivery vector, efficiently transporting gene fragments into nuclei for gene editing and cancer treatment.
  • Anti-Aging Research: Directly activates repair mechanisms at the cellular level, potentially reversing aging processes.

Table 1. Comparison of high, medium, low, and ultra-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid: HA with different molecular weights has different water solubility, viscoelasticity, and uses.

 How Molecular Weight Affects Sodium Hyaluronate Uses

Read more: Comparative Analysis of Hyaluronic Acid with Different Molecular Weights

Production Method: Microbial Fermentation

The microbial fermentation method employs microorganisms such as streptococci to produce sodium hyaluronate through fermentation. This process is more eco-friendly and safer than traditional animal tissue extraction, avoiding allergic risks from animal sources. It also allows precise control of molecular weight and purity, meeting diverse industry needs.

Read more: How is Hyaluronic Acid Powder Made

Derivatives of Hyaluronic Acid

To expand the applications of sodium hyaluronate, scientists have developed various derivatives through chemical modifications. For example, cross-linked hyaluronic acid is a derivative where molecular chains are connected with cross-linking agents to form a more stable 3D network structure.

These modifications significantly enhance its resistance to degradation while maintaining elasticity and water retention. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid is primarily used in long-lasting cosmetic fillers for wrinkle removal and shaping. It is also used in joint cavity injections to increase lubrication and alleviate pain.

 

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a pioneer in the development of hyaluronic acid. Products include food-grademedical-gradecosmetic-gradeinjectable-grade hyaluronic acid, and hyaluronic acid derivatives (Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate and Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid Gel). We can also provide customers with customized molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate powder. For more information or specific applications, please visit our homepage.

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How to Choose the Right Injectable-Grade Hyaluronic Acid https://www.stanfordchem.com/how-to-choose-the-right-injectable-grade-hyaluronic-acid.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/how-to-choose-the-right-injectable-grade-hyaluronic-acid.html#respond Tue, 26 Nov 2024 07:43:03 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=10040 Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring ingredient in the human body, known for its excellent moisturizing, lubrication, and biocompatibility. These merits have led to a wide variety of applications in medicine and cosmetics. According to its purpose, HA can be divided into cosmetic-grade, food-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade. Of them, injectable-grade HA is extensively used in […]

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Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring ingredient in the human body, known for its excellent moisturizing, lubrication, and biocompatibility. These merits have led to a wide variety of applications in medicine and cosmetics.

According to its purpose, HA can be divided into cosmetic-grade, food-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade. Of them, injectable-grade HA is extensively used in cosmetic surgery, joint therapy, and medical lubrication. How to choose suitable injectable-grade HA according to the particular requirement? Let’s discuss that.

What is Injectable-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

Injection-grade hyaluronic acid represents high-quality HA developed especially for medical and cosmetic injection purposes. It undergoes extensive purification processes to remove impurities and possible allergens, ensuring the following features:

  • High Purity: It is of medical-grade quality, thus safe to be injected.
  • High Biocompatibility: Very similar in structure to human tissues for maximum safety.
  • Long-Lasting Stability: It degrades much more slowly, prolonging its effect.

This kind of HA is used for filling facial hollows, and lubricating joints, and can even enhance the smooth operation of surgical tools.

Suitable Molecular Weights for Different Scenarios

Key Considerations When Choosing Injectable-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

The key to selecting the right injectable-grade HA lies in understanding your application needs. Of course, we have summarized some core indicators here to help you understand your needs.

  1. Molecular Weight

Molecular weight defines the viscoelasticity, absorption rate, and degradation time of HA. Generally speaking, high molecular weight works better for lubrication and support, while low to medium molecular weight serves for penetration and drug delivery.

  1. Purity and Sterility

HA injections should have ultra-high purity, be free from impurities, and be manufactured under sterile conditions to minimize infection risk.

  1. Biocompatibility

Good quality HA should be strictly tested for compatibility with human tissues to minimize inflammation or adverse reactions upon its use.

  1. Certification and Credentials

Only choose products certified by international authorities such as FDA or CE to ensure good quality and safety.

Products meeting this criterion will perform well in the intended applications.

 

Read more: How is Hyaluronic Acid Powder Made

Suitable Molecular Weights for Different Scenarios

–Cosmetic Procedures

HA is commonly used in cosmetic procedures to fill facial hollows, reduce fine lines, and improve skin elasticity.

Recommended Molecular Weight Medium to high (1,300 kDa–1,800 kDa)
Features Strong viscoelasticity and good support, capable of sculpting natural facial contours with prolonged effects.
Typical Applications Nose augmentation, facial fillers, and lip shaping

Studies have shown that HA with molecular weights in the range of 1,300 kDa–1,800 kDa provides optimal viscoelasticity and volumizing effects, which are crucial for facial contouring and dermal filler applications.[i]

The medium to high molecular weight provides the structural integrity needed to sculpt facial contours while maintaining biocompatibility and longer-lasting effects due to slower degradation rates.

–Joint Injections

For patients with osteoarthritis, HA injections are essential for pain relief and improved joint mobility.

Recommended Molecular Weight High (>1,800 kDa)
Features High viscosity and excellent lubrication to absorb shock during joint movement, reducing inflammation and pain
Typical Applications Injections into knee and hip joints

The high molecular weight ensures a thick, viscous solution capable of providing cushioning for joints, mimicking natural synovial fluid.

–Medical Lubricants

HA is often used as a lubricant during surgical procedures to minimize friction between instruments and tissues, improving procedural efficiency.

Recommended Molecular Weight Medium (800 kDa–1,300 kDa)
Features Balanced flowability and lubrication, reducing friction while maintaining high safety standards
Typical Applications Coating for catheters and aiding endoscopic operations

Medium molecular weight (800 kDa–1,300 kDa) HA is well-documented for its flowability and lubricating properties, essential for reducing friction during surgical procedures.[ii]

Medium molecular weight strikes a balance between being easy to handle and highly effective as a lubricant, making it suitable for surgical applications requiring precise, smooth interactions.

Conclusion

It is easy to select the proper injectable-grade hyaluronic acid once the application scenario is clear. Cosmetic procedures require medium and high molecular weight products for excellent support and longevity of results. High molecular weight HA has better application in joint injections, as it maintains lubrication and cushioning.

Meanwhile, in medical lubricant applications, medium molecular weight HA remains flowable with safety features. Regardless of the application, always prioritize purity, sterility, and certifications to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Pure Injection Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Powder from Stanford Chemicals Company

Injection-grade hyaluronic acid from Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is GMP, CEP, and DMF certificated and the factory passed an on-site inspection by the US FDA. It is all fermented products, non-animal sources, non-GMO, and non-BSE/TSE risk.

Main Products:

Item No. Specification
HA-EP1.8-SC M.W: 800K-1,300K Da,

I.V.: 1.44-2.12 m3/kg

HA-EP2.4-SC M.W: 1,300K-1,800K Da;

I.V: 2.12-2.72 m3/kg

HA-EP3.0-SC M.W:1,800K-2,500K Da;

I.V.: 2.72-3.53 m3/kg

HA-EPC-SC Customized Molecular weight

 

References:

The 5 Common Uses of Injectable Hyaluronic Acid

High vs. Low Hyaluronic Acid: How Molecular Weight Affects the Efficacy

[i] Kablik J, Monheit GD, Yu L, Chang G, Gershkovich J. Comparative physical properties of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. Dermatol Surg. 2009 Feb;35 Suppl 1:302-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.01046.x. PMID: 19207319.

[ii] Cowman MK, Schmidt TA, Raghavan P, Stecco A. Viscoelastic Properties of Hyaluronan in Physiological Conditions. F1000Res. 2015 Aug 25;4:622. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.6885.1. PMID: 26594344; PMCID: PMC4648226.

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From Surgery to Daily Care: The Versatile Role of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health https://www.stanfordchem.com/from-surgery-to-daily-care-the-versatile-role-of-sodium-hyaluronate-in-eye-health.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/from-surgery-to-daily-care-the-versatile-role-of-sodium-hyaluronate-in-eye-health.html#respond Tue, 19 Nov 2024 07:02:39 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=10032 Introduction to Sodium Hyaluronate Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide with repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Its salt form, sodium hyaluronate (SH), was initially isolated from the eye’s vitreous body. Sodium hyaluronate has a wide distribution in animal or human tissues, generally located in the extracellular matrix. It has a high […]

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Introduction to Sodium Hyaluronate

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide with repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Its salt form, sodium hyaluronate (SH), was initially isolated from the eye’s vitreous body. Sodium hyaluronate has a wide distribution in animal or human tissues, generally located in the extracellular matrix. It has a high concentration in the vitreous humor, aqueous humor, synovial fluid, skin, and umbilical cord.

Sodium hyaluronate is known for its excellent viscoelasticity, unique rheological properties, pseudoplasticity, non-toxicity, and superior biocompatibility.

Artificial tears with hyaluronic acid as the main ingredient

Fig 1. Artificial tears with hyaluronic acid as the main ingredient

Basis for Sodium Hyaluronate in Ophthalmology Applications

It is highly moisturizing. Sodium hyaluronate can bind water several hundred times its weight, maintaining the ocular surface moisture balance. Its viscoelastic nature allows it to form a stable film on the eye surface, providing lubrication and protection while reducing friction.

As a natural constituent of human tissues, sodium hyaluronate possesses excellent biocompatibility with minimal risk of rejection or irritation. Furthermore, it provides an enhancement in corneal repair and regeneration, reduces inflammation, and soothes discomfort due to environmental stimuli or surgical procedures.

Given these properties, sodium hyaluronate is widely used in ophthalmic products such as artificial tears, surgical viscoelastic fillers, ophthalmic injectables, and corneal repair agents. Its applications range from routine eye care to advanced surgical procedures.

Viscoelasticity of hyaluronic acid

Fig 2. Viscoelasticity of hyaluronic acid

Applications of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health

The uses of sodium hyaluronate in ophthalmology can be roughly divided into two categories. There is ophthalmic viscoelasticity, mainly used in all sorts of ophthalmic surgeries including glaucoma and cataract surgery; another one is eye drops, mainly used in treating dry eyes and corneal burns.

1. Ophthalmic Viscoelastic Agents

1.1 Role in Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate is used as a viscoelastic agent in many eye surgeries. It has a high molecular weight and excellent viscoelasticity, providing mechanical protection for the surgery to take place. Therefore, it maintains structure and prevents tissue collapse or damage caused by surgical instruments.

  • Glaucoma Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate protects intraocular tissues, maintains the shape of the anterior chamber, and reduces friction and damage from surgical tools, thus enhancing safety.

  • Cataract Surgery

It acts to safeguard the cornea endothelium and to serve as an aid to the implantation of an intraocular lens. It provides a clearer surgical field and minimizes mechanical trauma to the cornea during surgery.

  • Trauma Repair Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate serves as a lubricant for the surgical procedure in ocular traumatized patients, inhibits the adhesion of tissues, and provides an optimal environment for healing after surgery.

  • Corneal Laser Surgery

The protective film helps prevent excessive drying of tissues and reduces mechanical irritation from surgical instruments.

1.2 Recovery Post-Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate after surgery promotes the repair of tissues, reduces inflammation, and speeds up healing. It keeps the environment moistened to reduce any discomfort for the patients in recovery.

2. Eye Drops

Sodium hyaluronate is used in eye drops for moisturizing and lubrication, relieving dry eyes, protecting the ocular surface, and promoting corneal repair. It is suitable for sensitive people and postoperative care.

2.1 Treatment for Dry Eye

Dry Eye is a chronic condition caused by insufficient tear production or excessive evaporation, leading to symptoms such as dryness, fatigue, and a foreign body sensation. Sodium hyaluronate excels in treating dry eye due to its strong moisturizing properties.

  • It forms a uniform protective film on the ocular surface, enhancing tear film stability and preventing tear evaporation.
  • Its high water retention alleviates dryness and improves patient comfort.
  • It enhances the repair ability of ocular surface cells, preventing more severe damage caused by chronic dryness.

2.2 Corneal Burn Repair

Sodium hyaluronate plays a vital role in treating corneal burns, where the cornea experiences water loss, cell damage, and inflammation. It helps in several ways:

  • Moisturizing and Lubricating
  • Promoting Cell Regeneration
  • Reducing Inflammation

2.3 Daily Eye Care

Sodium hyaluronate-based eye drops are also widely used for daily eye care, especially by individuals who use electronic devices for extended periods or wear contact lenses. These drops effectively relieve discomfort caused by eye strain or insufficient tears, providing long-lasting hydration and lubrication.

Product Recommendations

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is one of the leading US-based wholesalers of hyaluronic acid, offering a range of pure hyaluronic acid powders in medical, food, cosmetic, and injectable grades. These cover high, medium, and low molecular weights and also support customization.

The main products in eye health:

Item No. Specification
HA-EM2.0-SC M.W: 800K-1,300K Da,

I.V.: 1.44-2.12 m3/kg

HA-EM2.4-SC M.W: 1,300K-1,800K Da;

I.V: 2.12-2.72 m3/kg

HA-EM3.0-SC M.W:1,800K-2,500K Da;

I.V.: 2.72-3.53 m3/kg

HA-EMC-SC Customized Molecular weight

 

References:

Sodium Hyaluronate Used in Anterior Segment Eye Surgery

Hyaluronic Acid: The Ultimate Moisturizer for Dry Eyes

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What Are the Benefits of Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid https://www.stanfordchem.com/what-are-the-benefits-of-food-grade-hyaluronic-acid.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/what-are-the-benefits-of-food-grade-hyaluronic-acid.html#respond Tue, 12 Nov 2024 05:33:15 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=10014 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide found in the body, distributed in the skin, joints, eyes, and other tissues. Food-grade hyaluronic acid is a form of HA that is safe for human consumption. It is often used as a dietary supplement to enhance skin hydration, joint lubrication, and overall health. The main source of […]

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide found in the body, distributed in the skin, joints, eyes, and other tissues. Food-grade hyaluronic acid is a form of HA that is safe for human consumption. It is often used as a dietary supplement to enhance skin hydration, joint lubrication, and overall health. The main source of food-grade HA is microbial fermentation, a method that uses safe fermentation technology to produce high-purity HA, meeting the safety standards for food additives.

HA Content in the Body

HA is an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays a crucial role in maintaining the shape, structure, and function of the skin. As we age, our metabolism slows, and the body’s ability to synthesize HA decreases. This reduction particularly affects the skin and joints.

On one hand, collagen and elastic fibers in the skin lack sufficient moisture, leading to a loss of elasticity and the appearance of wrinkles. On the other hand, the decrease in HA in joint fluid reduces the protective effects on cartilage, which can lead to joint pain, limited mobility, and even arthritis.

What Are the Benefits of Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

Fig 1. HA Content in the Body

Can Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid Be Absorbed by the Body

The answer is Yes.

Oral HA is primarily absorbed through the intestines, where it is broken down by enzymes into smaller fragments. Some HA molecules are further broken down into smaller HA fragments or monosaccharides, which then enter the bloodstream. These fragments still help provide hydration and lubrication to the body.

What Are the Benefits of Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

Fig 2. Absorption of oral HA[i]

As shown in Figure 2, intestinal microbes degrade HA, which is then transported to the liver for metabolism or to other tissues like the skin, joints, and eyes. Excess HA is excreted from the body.

Reading more: Consuming Hyaluronic Acid to Prevent Joint Pain

Benefits of Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

Since HA can be transported to the skin, joints, and eyes, it has positive effects on their health.

1. Increasing Skin Hydration

HA has a powerful ability to retain moisture, which helps the skin stay hydrated, soft, and elastic. Oral HA can increase the skin’s water content, reducing fine lines and wrinkles, and making the skin appear younger. Additionally, HA supports the skin’s natural barrier, helping protect against external irritants.

Benefits of Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid: Increasing Skin Hydration

Fig 3. Comparison of food-grade HA before and after consumption

Related products:

HAC-Micro-SC M.W: <5 K Da

Ultra Low Molecular Weight

HAC-Oligo-SC M.W: 5-10 K Da

Low Molecular Weight

HAC-N-SC M.W: 200-600 K Da
HAC-L-SC M.W: 100-1,000 K Da(800 KDa)
HAC-M-SC M.W: 800-1,600 K Da

Middle Molecular Weight

HAC-H-SC M.W: >1,800 K Da

High Molecular Weight

2. Lubricating Joints

HA serves as a lubricant in joint fluid, reducing friction between joints and improving movement. Oral HA can raise HA levels within the joints, helping relieve pain and discomfort caused by arthritis. HA also has mild anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce inflammation around joints and delay joint degeneration.

Can Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid Be Absorbed by the Body

Fig 4. The role of HA in joints

HA-EP1.8-SC M.W: 800K-1,300K Da,

I.V.: 1.44-2.12 m3/kg

HA-EP2.4-SC M.W: 1,300K-1,800K Da;

I.V: 2.12-2.72 m3/kg

HA-EP3.0-SC M.W:1,800K-2,500K Da;

I.V.: 2.72-3.53 m3/kg

3. Relieving Eye Dryness

HA is a key component of the eye’s vitreous body and tear fluid, helping keep the eyes moist and reducing dry eye symptoms. HA supplements can relieve eye dryness and irritation, especially for people who use electronic devices for extended periods or wear contact lenses. Its moisturizing and lubricating effects help reduce eye strain and blurry vision, enhancing clarity.

HA-EM2.0-SC M.W: 800K-1,300K Da,

I.V.: 1.44-2.12 m3/kg

HA-EM2.4-SC M.W: 1,300K-1,800K Da;

I.V: 2.12-2.72 m3/kg

HA-EM3.0-SC M.W:1,800K-2,500K Da;

I.V.: 2.72-3.53 m3/kg

4. Promoting Overall

Health Besides benefiting skin, joints, and eyes, food-grade HA also supports general health.

  • Boosting the Immune System: HA helps support immunity and accelerates wound healing.
  • Supporting Gut Health: HA helps repair the intestinal mucosa, aiding in maintaining a healthy digestive system.
  • Antioxidant Protection: HA has antioxidant properties that neutralize free radicals, reducing cell damage and slowing aging.

Conclusion

Food-grade hyaluronic acid offers a natural way to support skin hydration, joint lubrication, and eye moisture, benefiting those who seek an internal approach to health and wellness. Regular intake of HA supplements can enhance these areas and contribute to overall well-being. As with any supplement, consult a healthcare professional to ensure it’s right for your needs and fits well within a balanced health regimen.

 

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is the leading wholesale supplier of pure organic hyaluronic acid in the United States. Our products include high, medium, and low molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate powders. Of course, we also support custom molecular weights. If you are interested, welcome to get a quote.

Our products have obtained relevant certifications, which show their safety.

  • ISO 9001 (Quality Management System)
  • ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System)
  • ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management System)

[i] Zheng X, Wang B, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Zhao J, Cui S, Chen W. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review. Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Jan 1;299:120153. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153. Epub 2022 Sep 26. PMID: 36876779.

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Vitamin Guide: 14 Important Vitamins for Health https://www.stanfordchem.com/vitamin-guide-14-important-vitamins-for-health.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/vitamin-guide-14-important-vitamins-for-health.html#respond Tue, 05 Nov 2024 07:46:34 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=10007 We all know the importance of vitamins for the human body. Vitamins are organic compounds that the body cannot synthesize or produce sufficiently and must therefore be obtained through diet. Although vitamins are present in small amounts in the body, they play a crucial role. So, what are the classifications, and what value does each […]

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We all know the importance of vitamins for the human body. Vitamins are organic compounds that the body cannot synthesize or produce sufficiently and must therefore be obtained through diet. Although vitamins are present in small amounts in the body, they play a crucial role. So, what are the classifications, and what value does each type offer? This article will reveal the mysteries of vitamins.

Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a general term that includes several compounds with similar biological activities, such as retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid.

Retinol is the most common and fundamental form of vitamin A. Retinol can be metabolized in the body to form retinal, which plays a crucial role in vision, helping the eyes adapt to different lighting conditions.

Retinoic acid is mainly involved in cell growth and differentiation, contributing to skin health, immune function, and gene expression. Overall, the benefits of VA include:

  • Preventing night blindness and vision loss, aiding in the treatment of various eye diseases;
  • Helping prevent respiratory system infections;
  • Supporting normal immune system function;
  • Promoting faster recovery during illness;
  • Maintaining healthy tissues and organs;
  • Helping the skin resist aging and improving skin texture;
  • Supporting growth, strengthening bones, and maintaining healthy skin, hair, teeth, and gums;
  • Aiding in the treatment of emphysema and hyperthyroidism.

Vitamin B Complex

Vitamin B complex refers to a group of vitamins, including vitamin B1, B2, B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid), and B12.

The B vitamins work synergistically, meaning that taking all the B vitamins together is more effective than taking them individually. Also, if the intake ratios of B1, B2, and B6 are uneven (e.g., 50mg of B1, 50mg of B2, and 50mg of B6), their effectiveness may be reduced. Although the different B vitamins work together in many metabolic and physiological processes, they have distinct physiological functions and benefits.

Table 1. Summary of the effects of members of the B vitamin family

Type Alternate Names Functions
B1 Thiamine, anti-neuroinflammatory
  • Help digestion
  • Maintaining normal nerve tissue, muscle, and heart activity;
  • Reducing motion sickness and seasickness;
  • Treating foot ailments;
  • Relieving pain after relevant dental surgery;
  • Helps in the treatment of herpes zoster (pestering dragon);
  • Improving memory.
B2 Riboflavin
  • Promote development and cell regeneration;
  • Promote the normal growth of skin, nails and hair;
  • Helping to eliminate inflammation in the mouth, lips, and tongue;
  • Promoting vision and reducing eye fatigue;
  • Aiding in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
B3 Niacin, Niacinamide
  • Promoting the health of the digestive system
  • Make the skin healthier;
  • Preventing and relieving migraine;
  • Lowering cholesterol and triglycerides and promoting blood circulation;
  • Reducing the uncomfortable symptoms of Meniere’s syndrome;
  • Treating inflammation of the mouth and lips and preventing bad breath.
B5 Pantothenic acid
  • Making and renewing body tissues;
  • Helping wounds to heal;
  • Making antibodies to resist infectious diseases;
  • Preventing fatigue and helping to combat stress;
  • Soothing premenstrual syndrome;
  • Easing the symptoms of nausea.
B6 Pyridoxine
  • Proper digestion and absorption of proteins and fats;
  • Helping the conversion of tryptophan into niacin;
  • Preventing various diseases of the nerves and skin;
  • Relieving vomiting;
  • Promoting the synthesis of nucleic acids and preventing the aging of tissues and organs;
  • Reducing dry mouth and difficulty in urination caused by taking antidepressants;
  • Alleviating symptoms such as muscle spasms, and cramps and paralysis at night;
B7 Biotin, Vitamin H
  • Preventing graying and hair loss.
  • Aids in fat metabolism;
  • Assisting in the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates;
  • Promoting normal functioning and growth of sweat glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow, male gonads, skin and hair.
  • Easing muscle pain.
B9 Folate
  • Promoting the production of normal red blood cells
  • Promoting the secretion of milk;
  • Promoting the health of the skin;
  • Increase appetite;
  • Preventing ulcers of the oral mucosa;
  • Adjusting the development of embryonic and fetal nerve cells and preventing certain congenital defects.
B12 Cobalamin
  • Promote red blood cell formation and regeneration, and prevent anemia;
  • Maintaining the health of the nervous system;
  • Promoting children’s growth and appetite;
  • Promoting metabolism
  • Promoting concentration, memory, and balance.

Vitamin C

The chemical name for vitamin C is ascorbic acid. It is a water-soluble vitamin and one of the most well-known nutrients. Not only is it a beauty elixir, but it is also an antioxidant that protects cells and even has anti-cancer properties. VC is commonly found in fruits and vegetables but can be easily degraded by external environmental changes.

Vitamin C

Benefits of VC:

  • Enhances skin elasticity and prevents age spots;
  • Promotes wound healing, treats external injuries, burns, and gum bleeding, and speeds up post-surgical recovery;
  • Prevents viral and bacterial infections and boosts immune system function;
  • Lowers cholesterol levels in the blood and reduces the risk of venous thrombosis;
  • Treats and prevents common colds;
  • Reduces the effects of many allergy-causing substances;
  • Helps with iron absorption and folic acid breakdown, preventing scurvy;
  • Helps prevent the formation of the carcinogen nitrosamine, providing anti-cancer benefits;
  • Promotes collagen production, preventing aging and prolonging life.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a term that encompasses a group of fat-soluble vitamins, primarily including D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D helps regulate calcium and phosphorus balance in the body, promoting healthy bones and teeth.

Cholecalciferol (D3) is one of the main forms of vitamin D and is synthesized by the skin when exposed to sunlight. It can also be obtained from certain animal foods and supplements.

Vitamin D

Benefits of VD:

  • Enhances the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, strengthening bones and teeth;
  • Supports growth and development, helping infants and young children grow properly and preventing rickets;
  • Assists in the absorption of VA;
  • Helps prevent calcium loss and osteoporosis during menopause.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E refers to a group of fat-soluble compounds, with tocopherols and tocotrienols being the most common. It acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and supporting immune function and skin health.

Vitamin E

Benefits of VE:

  • Delays cellular aging, moisturizes the skin, reduces pigmentation, and maintains a youthful appearance
  • Cleanses the blood and lowers LDL cholesterol levels, preventing atherosclerosis;
  • Promotes the formation of healthy red blood cells and prevents blood clotting;
  • Lowers blood pressure and reduces the risk of ischemic heart disease;
  • Enhances liver detoxification, protects the body, and reduces fatigue;
  • Stimulates the secretion of sex hormones, improves fertility, and prevents miscarriage.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K, often called the “clotting vitamin,” is a fat-soluble vitamin with several forms, including K1 (phylloquinone or plant-based phylloquinone), K2 (menaquinone), and K3 (menadione). Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone health, primarily promoting the synthesis of blood clotting factors to help prevent excessive bleeding.

Vitamin P

Vitamin P, commonly known as rutin or bioflavonoids, is not strictly a vitamin but is often classified as one. Vitamin P is a water-soluble nutrient that the body cannot synthesize, so it must be obtained from food. It is essential for the digestion and absorption of VC, reduces capillary fragility, decreases vascular permeability, enhances the activity of VC, and helps prevent cerebral hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, and purpura.

Conclusion

In summary, vitamins are crucial for health, each with unique benefits:

VA supports vision and skin, the B complex aids metabolism, VC boosts immunity, VD strengthens bones, VE protects cells, and Vitamin K aids blood clotting. Ensuring a balanced intake helps maintain overall well-being.

 

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) has over 16 years of experience in the manufacture and distribution of phytochemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, catalysts and more. Our products include hyaluronic acid, herbal extracts, food additives, nutraceutical ingredients and so on, totaling nearly 800 products. Feel free to Get A Quote to learn more if you are interested.

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5 Uses of Polyglutamic Acid: From Skincare to Agricultural Production https://www.stanfordchem.com/5-uses-of-polyglutamic-acid-from-skincare-to-agricultural-production.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/5-uses-of-polyglutamic-acid-from-skincare-to-agricultural-production.html#respond Tue, 29 Oct 2024 06:36:23 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=9992 Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a non-toxic, eco-friendly polymer that is safe for humans. It is synthesized naturally within organisms and has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological safety. Because of these properties, it is widely used in skincare, agriculture, food, environmental, and medical fields. Polyglutamic Acid in Skincare: High-Efficiency Moisturizer γ-PGA is capable of absorbing 5,000 […]

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Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a non-toxic, eco-friendly polymer that is safe for humans. It is synthesized naturally within organisms and has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological safety. Because of these properties, it is widely used in skincare, agriculture, food, environmental, and medical fields.

5 Uses of Polyglutamic Acid

Polyglutamic Acid in Skincare: High-Efficiency Moisturizer

γ-PGA is capable of absorbing 5,000 times its weight in water; thus, it is much more effective in moisture retention compared to hyaluronic acid. It further forms a thin film on the surface of the skin to prevent water loss. In fact, one such study shows that this protecting layer may reduce water evaporation by about 10% to 20%. Besides, γ-PGA promotes the renewal of keratinocytes, reducing the impact of external irritants on the skin.

Table 1. Comparison of the skin care functions of polyglutamic acid with hyaluronic acid and collagen

Comparison of the skin care functions of polyglutamic acid with hyaluronic acid and collagen

 

Reference: Polyglutamic Acid: A “Better Alternative” to Hyaluronic Acid for Moisturizing Power

Polyglutamic Acid in the Food: Antioxidant for Extending Shelf Life

Non-toxic and tasteless, polyglutamic acid has functions of water retaining and thickening. It is mainly used in bakery products as a thickener and moisturizer, enhancing the taste of food. γ-PGA impairs starch aging by 20% to 30% and keeps the food soft and fresh. It enhances calcium absorption, increasing about 40% when combined with γ-PGA[i]. Being so, it is used worldwide in quite several functional foods and health aids. Besides, γ-PGA can increase the flavor of food and make dishes more attractive. If you enjoy eating fried foods, then consider adding gamma -PGA as it reduces body fat buildup.

Table 2. Applications and benefits of polyglutamic acid in foods

Food Applications Benefits
Baked goods Antioxidant, not easy to soften, maintain flavor
Fried foods Antioxidant, reduce body fat accumulation, retain water and juiciness
Cakes Extend shelf life
Tea Drinks Increase redness
Functional foods Increase calcium and mineral absorption

Polyglutamic Acid in Agriculture: The Soil Conditioner

Polyglutamic acid is a very effective conditioner for the soil and an additive to fertilizers. It improves the structure of the soil very much. Studies have shown that γ-PGA may increase the water retention of the soil by about 30% to 40%[ii], which keeps the water in the soil for longer and reduces crop stress due to drought. Besides, it accelerates the activities and reproduction of microorganisms, which increases the flow of nutrients in the soil.

Added to fertilizers, γ-PGA increases the utilization rate of fertilizers’ nutrients by 10%-15% and increases crop yield. It also enhances resistance to stress in plants, including those caused by pests and diseases. When γ-PGA is introduced into the soil, it forms a thin film on the root hair surface. This membrane protects not only the root hairs themselves but also serves as an interface for effective nutrient-water exchange to enable better nutrient absorption.

Polyglutamic Acid in Water Treatment: Natural Heavy Metal Adsorbent and Flocculant

It can function as an adsorbent of heavy metal ions and a flocculant. Its application in water treatment is mainly based on its strong heavy metal chelation and flocculation properties. For example, studies have shown that γ-PGA can realize more than 90% chelation efficiency for lead, cadmium, and mercury ions, which can significantly reduce the content of heavy metals in the water. Besides, compared with general flocculants, as a natural flocculant, γ-PGA is 20% to 25% more efficient in the removal of suspended solid and organic pollutants from water.

Polyglutamic Acid in the Medical Field: Promote Drug Delivery

In the field of medicine, γ-PGA is extensively used in drug delivery systems because it possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. According to some research, the carriers based on γ-PGA could prolong the time of drug release from 3 to 5 times and accordingly enhance the therapeutic effect. It can also be applied in surgical sutures and dressings of wounds.

During the process of degradation, there is no toxic by-product of γ-PGA, reducing inflammation and problems of infection caused after surgery. It seems that studies have shown that γ-PGA in repairing bone and other materials can increase bone tissue regeneration; the speed of bone healing can be accelerated by 15% to 20%.

Conclusion

Due to all these different applications of PGAs in skin care, food, agriculture, water treatment, and medicine, they can be considered one of the most versatile, safe, and promising natural biomaterials with huge perspectives for their applications in the future.

 

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) has over 16 years of experience in manufacturing and marketing phytochemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, catalysts, laboratory equipment, and a variety of specialty fine chemicals. The company offers a variety of skin care ingredients (polyglutamic acid, hyaluronic acid, collagen, etc.), food additives, feed additives and more. For more information, you can visit our homepage or use the search box to find the product you need.

[i] Yang, Li-Chan & wu, Jinbin & Ho, Guan-Huei & Yang, Shih-Ching & Huang, Yun-Pen & Lin, Wen-Chuan. (2009). Effects of poly-gamma-glutamic acid on calcium absorption in rats.. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 72. 3084-90. 10.1271/bbb.80024.

[ii] Zhang L, Yang X, Gao D, Wang L, Li J, Wei Z, Shi Y. Effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on plant growth and its distribution in a controlled plant-soil system. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 20;7(1):6090. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06248-2. PMID: 28729559; PMCID: PMC5519684.

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Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know https://www.stanfordchem.com/common-skin-care-ingredients-you-need-to-know.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/common-skin-care-ingredients-you-need-to-know.html#respond Tue, 22 Oct 2024 10:58:26 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=9967 Skincare products are a big reference when you are choosing which product to buy. For instance, if you want to treat acne, then knowing which ingredients prove to be effective in such cases will definitely help you pick up the right one. But I’m sure you’re not the only one who’s confused by the myriad […]

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Skincare products are a big reference when you are choosing which product to buy. For instance, if you want to treat acne, then knowing which ingredients prove to be effective in such cases will definitely help you pick up the right one. But I’m sure you’re not the only one who’s confused by the myriad ingredients in skincare products. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to help understand the functons associated with the most common skincare ingredients.

1. Hydration and Moisture Retention

Whether your skin is dry, oily, or a mix of both, moisturizing has proven to be an unavoidable routine in skincare. Hydration is also essential for skin barrier integrity. Below are some of the most popular common moisturizing ingredients available in the market.

Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know

Fig 1. Moisturizing is the first step in skin care

(1)Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid has been basking in skincare fame for over 30 years because of the mighty skincare benefits it possesses. Being an excellent humectant, it can absorb and retain many times-more than 1,000 times its weight in water. Besides that, it forms a defensive layer on the skin surface which protects water from evaporating too fast.

(2)Polyglutamic Acid

For those looking for an alternative to hyaluronic acid, polyglutamic acid is an excellent choice. It can capture more moisture than hyaluronic acid, twice as much. It penetrates deeper into the skin, stimulating natural moisturizing factors. Another big plus is that this product has low viscosity, contributing to less stickiness and freshness in the skin.

(3)Glycerin

Glycerin is an active humectant that attracts moisture from the surroundings and locks it in the skin to help maintain the moisture balance of the skin. This prevents dryness and dehydration, hence it maintains soft and smooth skin. It also enhances the absorption of active skincare ingredients.

(4)Panthenol

Also known as vitamin B5, panthenol is an active moisturizer that attracts and retains water in the skin and forms a protective layer on the skin’s surface to prevent water loss.

2. Anti-Aging and Anti-Wrinkle

With growing age, skin slowly starts to lose its elasticity and firmness. Collagen and elastin production decelerates, which eventually leads to fine lines and wrinkles. Moreover, UV rays, pollution, and stress accelerate the aging process of the skin. Anti-aging and anti-wrinkle ingredients improve not only one’s appearance but also care for the health of the skin by minimizing possible external damage.

Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know

Fig 2. Anti-wrinkle makes us look younger

(1)Retinol

Retinol is probably the star of the anti-aging world. Such an ingredient increases the production of collagen within the skin, which will help reduce fine lines and wrinkles. Moreover, such a vitamin accelerates cell turnover, promoting new skin cell generation. The process will improve the skin texture and tone by getting rid of dark blemishes.

(2)Vitamin C

Vitamin C is an antioxidant with great power that neutralizes free radicals, protecting the skin from environmental damage such as UV rays. It enhances the production of collagen, which in turn gives skin elasticity, hence reducing fine lines. Vitamin C further brightens the skin, reducing pigmentation and helping the skin have a more youthful look.

(3)Peptides

Peptides are small protein fragments that easily penetrate the skin, stimulating collagen and elastin production. The peptides will strengthen the structure of the skin; fine lines and wrinkles are reduced effectively, and firmness and elasticity are enhanced. Besides, it enhances the skin barrier function and generally increases the health of the skin while making it fuller.

(4)Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10 is a powerful antioxidant that shields skin cells from free radical damage, thereby providing a considerable reduction in the appearance of environmental stressors that contribute to aging. It boosts the energy at a cellular level by increasing the manufacture of ATP, enhancing the repair and regeneration of cells, thereby reducing fine lines and wrinkles, or at least diminishing their appearance. The skin turgor will also be much improved.

(5)Resveratrol

Resveratrol is an antioxidant plant extract that has an excellent anti-aging effect. It scavenges the free radicals, thus avoiding skin damage from oxidative stress and inflammation, which contributes to early aging. Continuous use of resveratrol diminishes the appearance of fine lines while improving skin smoothness and firmness.

(6)Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is an astoundingly strong natural antioxidant, way more powerful than vitamin C and vitamin E. It significantly reduces UV damage, preventing photoaging. By improving skin hydration, it improves elasticity and reduces wrinkles, thus leaving the skin smoother.

(7)Alpha Lipoic Acid

Alpha lipoic acid is an effective antioxidant; besides neutralizing free radicals, it regenerates other antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E, hence enhancing the anti-aging effect by increasing the density. It minimizes inflammation, fine lines, and wrinkles, hence enhancing skin tone and brightness.

(8)Vitamin E

It is a classic antioxidant that helps protect the skin from oxidative stress while delaying the aging process. Vitamin E helps to repair broken skin cells and firm up the skin barrier, reducing occurrences of fine lines and wrinkles.

Read more: Hyaluronic Acid vs. Retinol vs. Vitamin C: Which Is Best for Skincare?

3. Skin Repair

When the skin barrier is compromised, it will release moisture more easily and become exposed to more external irritants. This generally means more inflammation and dry sensitivity. Hence, skin repair is another important step of skin care.

Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know

Fig 3. Repair skin damage and make skin healthier

(1)Centella Asiatica Extract

Centella Asiatica is one of the major ingredients in skin repair. It contains various components like asiaticoside-the major phenolic compound responsible for scar healing. Centella Asiatica enhances the production of collagen and reduces inflammation by regenerating and improving skin elasticity of the destroyed skin barrier.

(2)Ceramides

Ceramides are natural constituents of the skin barrier. They repair damaged lipid barriers, reducing skin irritations due to dryness. The ceramides help your skin protect against external irritants and pollutants-softening the skin and making it supple.

(3)Allantoin

Allantoin is an active repairing ingredient well known for its soothing action, as well as cell regeneration. It soothes itching, redness, and roughness occurring due to dryness while allowing the stimulation of the healing process and thus leaving the skin smooth and soft.

(4)Squalane

It is an emollient agent, just like the skin’s natural oils. Squalane improves the barrier integrity of skin, restores dry and injured skin, and exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus decreasing skin irritation.

Among the above ingredients, hyaluronic acid and panthenol have prominent skin-repairing properties. Hyaluronic acid especially accelerates wound healing.

4. Acne Treatment

Acne is one of the fundamental skin problems brought about by blockage of pores, production of excess oil, and infection. Treatment of acne also enables you to maintain healthy skin.

Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know

Fig 4. Causes of acne: clogged pores, excess oil production, and infection

(1)Salicylic Acid

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid; it is also lipid-soluble, which allows it to penetrate into the pores and dissolve excess oil and dead skin cells that block pores in the first instance. This helps reduce and prevent acne, while it also gently exfoliates the surface of the skin to improve the rough texture associated with acne. Its anti-inflammatory properties further help reduce redness and swelling associated with acne.

(2)Glycolic Acid

Glycolic acid is an AHA, which accelerates cell turnover, removing the superficial layer of dead skin cells, thus avoiding clogged pores and acne breakouts. It also improves post-acne pigmentation and scarring by improving skin texture and evening out the skin.

(3)Benzoyl Peroxide

The active ingredient benzoyl peroxide is a very potent anti-acne ingredient that truly delivers deep into the pores and kills acne-causing bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes. It also exfoliates the skin, removing dead skin cells and oil within the pores, which helps them not to get blocked and, therefore, prevents new acne.

(4)Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil is a natural ingredient incorporating antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties into its effectiveness in battling acne-causing bacteria and reducing inflammation and redness. Gentle on the skin, it provides antibacterial action that helps purify the skin and decreases bacterial build-up inside the pores.

Conclusion

Being aware of the various benefits of different skincare ingredients will enable you to know exactly which products to choose based on specific needs. Understanding what ingredients suit your skin type and needs better enables you to tailor an effective skincare routine that resolves any hydration concerns, anti-aging, repair, or treatment of acne for healthier and more radiant-looking skin.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) has over 16 years of experience in the manufacture and sale of skin care and personal care ingredients. We offer skin care ingredient raw materials to meet a variety of skin care needs.

Table 1. List of Common Skincare Ingredients

Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know

 

 
 

 

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Exploring the Medical Value of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) https://www.stanfordchem.com/exploring-the-medical-value-of-hyaluronic-acid-ha.html https://www.stanfordchem.com/exploring-the-medical-value-of-hyaluronic-acid-ha.html#respond Tue, 15 Oct 2024 05:57:15 +0000 https://www.stanfordchem.com/?p=9960 Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the simplest glycosaminoglycan and a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Most people associate HA with cosmetic and skincare applications, but its medical potential is equally impressive. As research advances, HA is playing an increasingly important role in the health and life sciences field. History of Hyaluronic Acid In 1934, […]

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the simplest glycosaminoglycan and a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Most people associate HA with cosmetic and skincare applications, but its medical potential is equally impressive. As research advances, HA is playing an increasingly important role in the health and life sciences field.

History of Hyaluronic Acid

In 1934, scientists Karl Meyer and John Palmer first isolated HA from the vitreous of cow eyes, discovering its unique moisturizing and lubricating properties. HA’s medical applications began over 70 years ago. Using time as a clue, we can clearly see the application history of hyaluronic acid.

  • 1934 – HA was first isolated.
  • 1930s-40s – HA was extracted from synovial fluid, skin, umbilical cords, tumors, and rooster combs.
  • 1940s-50s – HA began to be used in medicine and eye surgeries, especially in cataract treatments.
  • 1951 – The chemical structure of HA was determined.
  • 1970s – Cartilage proteoglycans were found to interact specifically with HA.
  • 1980s – HA was widely used to treat arthritis and introduced into cosmetics and skincare.
  • 1993 – Hyaluronate synthase was discovered and cloned from Group A streptococcus.
  • 1999 – The first purification of active HA synthase.
  • Today – HA is mainly produced through bacterial fermentation, an efficient and eco-friendly method widely applied in pharmaceuticals, skincare, and biotechnology.

Medical Value of Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid has a wide range of applications in the medical field: cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of inflammation, vascular generation, and treatment of tumor cancer.

History of Hyaluronic Acid

Fig 1. Benefits of Medical-Grade HA

1. Promoting Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

HA is an important substance in cell proliferation and differentiation. As an essential component of the ECM, HA could create a proper microenvironment for cell regeneration to help in wound healing and repair of cartilage tissue. For example, HA enhances chondrocyte cell proliferation, which is very effective in cartilage regeneration and also in the functional recovery process.

2. Modulating Inflammation

HA is an important mediator in the regulation of inflammatory processes. It may modulate the activity of immune cells, thereby reducing excessive inflammation, which may prevent tissue damage. In this respect, intra-articular injections of HA may reduce pain and improve functional ability in certain clinical conditions such as osteoarthritis. It reduces inflammation during the healing of skin wounds and hence promotes tissue repair.

3. Enhancing Vascular Generation

HA contributes to the process of angiogenesis-or, new blood vessel formation-which is important in processes such as wound healing and tissue regeneration and some pathologies such as tumor growth. HA functions through interaction with its receptors to enhance migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and, thus, hastens vascular formation. This mechanism not only helps accelerate wound healing, but can also play a positive role in certain therapeutic areas, such as the treatment of ischemic diseases.

Read more: Top 10 Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid

4. Cancer Cells Inhibition

HA has been in focus in application to cancer treatment. In the case of low molecular weight HA, Exogenous LMW-HA may exert anti-tumor effects by directly triggering an immune response, decreasing the proliferation of tumor cells, or remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Though partially unclear, Exogenous LMW-HA has been proposed to interact with specific immune cells and interfere with tumor cell signaling. More recently, HA has been suggested for application in improving the diagnosis of cancer and as part of targeted drug delivery systems, offering higher specificity in cancer treatments.

Reference: Does Hyaluronic Acid Cause Cancer

Table 1. Overview of the medical value and application of hyaluronic acid

Medical-Grade HA Medical Values Applications
Promote Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Tissue regeneration, wound repair, cartilage repair
Modulating Inflammation Osteoarthritis, skin wound healing
Enhancing Vascular Generation Wound healing, ischemic diseases
Cancer Cells Inhibition Anti-cancer, anti-cancer drug delivery

Biomedical Products Based on HA

Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic properties, several biomedical products have been developed based on HA:

  • Injectables: Used for skin fillers, joint lubrication, and anti-aging treatments, such as facial fillers and joint injections.
  • Oral Supplements: Often used to improve skin hydration, quality, and joint health.
  • Drug Delivery Systems: HA serves as a carrier for slow drug release, improving absorption and bioavailability at specific sites.
  • Ophthalmic Solutions: Such as artificial tears and corneal repair solutions, used to alleviate dry eyes and promote corneal healing.
  • Wound Dressings: HA promotes wound healing and is used in treating burns, ulcers, and other injuries.
  • Bone Tissue Engineering Materials: Used to promote bone and cartilage regeneration.
  • Contact Lens Lubricants: Provides comfort and relieves dryness for contact lens wearers.

Medical Value of Hyaluronic Acid

Fig 2. Biomedical Products Based on HA

Conclusion

As a biocompatible and biodegradable compound, HA holds immense potential as a bioactive molecule for various physiological and pathological conditions. Its applications span from skincare benefits to cancer treatment, inflammation regulation, and chronic disease management. With advancing technology, we can expect more efficient production processes and innovative therapeutic products in the future.

 

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a professional supplier of hyaluronic acid. SCC offers high-purity, high-quality, and safe sodium hyaluronate powder (including food-grade, cosmetic-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade). All of SCC’s hyaluronic acid products are made using the bacterial fermentation method, ensuring safety and reliability.

List of Medical-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate Powder:

 

Reference:

Iaconisi, G.N.; Lunetti, P.; Gallo, N.; Cappello, A.R.; Fiermonte, G.; Dolce, V.; Capobianco, L. Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210296

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