As a key moisturizing ingredient, sodium hyaluronate is widely recognized. Let’s begin with a brief introduction.

Sodium hyaluronate (the sodium salt form of hyaluronic acid) is a polysaccharide naturally present in human tissues. It is a transparent, viscous substance with excellent moisturizing, lubricating, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a common ingredient in skincare products and an effective component in eye drops for relieving dry eyes.

So, what is ectoine?

Ectoine is an amino acid derivative found in “Halophile” that thrives in extreme environments. In 1985, German scientist Professor Galinski discovered ectoine in the saline lakes of the Egyptian desert.

It regulates cell osmotic pressure, acting as a natural “protective shield” that enables halophilic bacteria to survive in extreme conditions like high temperatures, high salinity, and intense UV radiation. Biotech companies identified its potential and began producing ectoine (C₆H₁₀N₂O₂) through fermentation. Today, ectoine is used in biomedicine (eye drops, nasal sprays, oral sprays) and skincare products.

Fig 1. Desert salt lake with no grass growing

Sodium Hyaluronate vs Ectoine: Which is Better for Skin

Sodium hyaluronate has been used in skincare products since the 1980s. The exceptional moisturizing ability has made it a star ingredient in the skincare industry. Ectoine, widely adopted by skincare brands since 2019, has gained recognition for its outstanding moisturizing and repair effects, leading to rapid growth in its applications.

Let’s compare the effects of the two

1. Moisturizing

Both ingredients provide moisturizing benefits, but their mechanisms and results differ.

Sodium hyaluronate molecules can absorb hundreds to thousands of times their weight in water. It draws moisture from the environment and locks it in, keeping the skin hydrated. It also forms a breathable hydrating film on the skin’s surface, reducing water evaporation and preventing dryness. What’s more, low-molecular-weight HA can penetrate the dermis, offering deep hydration.

Fig 2. HA for skin

Ectoine’s moisturizing function differs, focusing more on protection and regulation. It binds with water molecules to form a stable hydration shell around cells, creating a protective shield. This shield effectively prevents water loss from skin cells and maintains water balance inside and outside the cells. Additionally, by stabilizing cell membranes and protein structures, ectoine enhances cellular resistance to external stressors like dryness, UV rays, and high temperatures, reducing water loss risks.

Fig 3. The moisturizing principle of Ecdoin

Conclusion: Ectoine’s moisturizing ability leans toward “protective hydration,” without directly absorbing water like sodium hyaluronate. For those focused on hydration, sodium hyaluronate offers more immediate results.

2. Skin Repair:

Sodium hyaluronate is popular in skincare for its skin repair properties. It stabilizes and attracts growth factors (EGF), accelerating cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. It also has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, reducing damage caused by inflammation.

Ectoine’s repair function is more prominent, especially for sensitive and inflamed skin. When exposed to environmental stressors like high temperatures, UV radiation, hypoxia, heavy metal toxicity, or viral infections, ectoine triggers emergency protective and regenerative responses, helping cells maintain normal physiological activity. Merck data shows that 1.0% Ecdoin can induce a faster stress response, prevent cell damage, and increase the speed of self-healing by 2-3 times.

Conclusion: For skin sensitivity, barrier damage, acne-related breakouts, or sunburn-induced redness, products with ectoine can quickly provide repair and soothing effects.

Key Characteristics Comparison:

Sodium Hyaluronate vs Ectoine: Which is Better for Eyes

Sodium hyaluronate and ectoine are both vital ingredients in eye drops, but their benefits differ in focus.

Sodium hyaluronate is more suitable for individuals with dry eye syndrome, contact lens wearers, or those needing immediate hydration. Its properties allow it to absorb water and form a hydrating film on the eye surface, relieving dryness. Moreover, its natural presence in human tissues ensures high safety with minimal irritation.

Ectoine, on the other hand, is ideal for individuals with eye inflammation, sensitivity, or exposure to harsh environments. By forming a “hydration shell,” ectoine enhances the stability of ocular cells, protecting them from external irritants. It also stabilizes the lipid layer of the tear film, preventing excessive evaporation.

–Synergistic Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate and Ectoine

Studies show that combining ectoine with sodium hyaluronate delivers enhanced synergy in relieving dry eyes. This combination significantly improves water-binding ability, effectively hydrates the eyes, stabilizes the tear film, and reduces tear evaporation. Additionally, it forms a durable hydrating film on the eye surface, firmly adhering to the cornea and ocular surface to provide robust protection against external irritants. Furthermore, this combination is highly effective in alleviating irritation caused by environmental dryness, inflammation symptoms, and itching or burning sensations during allergic reactions.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of sodium hyaluronate powder and ectoine powder. In addition, we also provide chondroitin sulfate for cataract surgery eye drops and joints. For more information on these materials, please check out our home page.

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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like nutrient found in the membranes of human cells and is an essential element for the body. It is distributed throughout the body, especially in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas. CoQ10 can be synthesized internally or supplemented through dietary intake.

Fig 1. Concentration of coenzymeQ10 in different human tissues[1]

What Are the Functions of Coenzyme Q10

Like vitamins, coenzyme Q10 indirectly influences health through metabolism. It primarily participates in the processes of energy production and oxygen metabolism in the body. Studies show that CoQ10 levels are correlated with energy levels and cardiovascular health.

Coenzyme Q10 is directly involved in the body’s energy supply process. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the most critical energy source for the body, and CoQ10 is an essential cofactor in its synthesis. It participates in a series of redox reactions during ATP production.

Coenzyme Q10 helps the body achieve oxidative balance. Factors such as air pollution, ultraviolet (UV) rays, stress, and unhealthy lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise) inevitably produce oxygen free radicals. As a fat-soluble antioxidant, CoQ10 effectively removes free radicals generated during cellular metabolism. Therefore, coenzyme Q10 has anti-aging effects and is a key ingredient in many anti-aging skincare products.

Fig 2. Free radical generating substances

Coenzyme Q10 Levels Decline with Age

Age-Related Changes in Coenzyme Q10 Levels

• 20-30 Years: Peak Levels

In young adulthood, CoQ10 levels are typically at their highest, effectively supporting cellular energy production and antioxidant functions.

• 30-40 Years: Initial Decline

Around age 30, the body’s natural ability to synthesize CoQ10 begins to decline, particularly in organs with high energy demands, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys.

• 50 Years and Older: Significant Reduction

By age 50 and beyond, CoQ10 levels may decrease by 25-50% compared to peak levels. This reduction can impair cellular functions, increase oxidative stress, and elevate the risk of chronic diseases.

This natural physiological process impacts energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Mitochondrial energy production efficiency decreases, potentially leading to increased fatigue and reduced physical performance. Furthermore, susceptibility to oxidative stress increases, heightening the risk of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). Accelerated cellular damage also leads to more noticeable skin aging, such as wrinkles and sagging.

Improving Coenzyme Q10 Levels Through Diet and Supplements

Coenzyme Q10 can be replenished through dietary sources. Foods rich in CoQ10 include meat, fish, and whole grains, with organ meats being particularly high in CoQ10.

Fig 3. Coenzyme Q10 Content of Foods

When dietary intake is insufficient to significantly increase CoQ10 levels, supplements can be taken. Coenzyme Q10 supplements are generally safe with minimal side effects and can be used as dietary supplements under medical guidance.

• Standard Dosage: The recommended daily dose ranges from 90 mg to 200-500 mg.
• Absorption: Being a fat-soluble compound, CoQ10 is absorbed slowly and in limited amounts. Taking it with food can triple the absorption rate.

Clinical Applications of Coenzyme Q10 Supplements

1. Cardiovascular Health

The Q-SYMBIO study showed that CoQ10 supplementation reduces the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. It also improved NYHA functional classification in heart failure patients.

2. Migraine Prevention and Treatment

Studies reveal that individuals with migraines generally have lower CoQ10 levels. Compared to those who do not take CoQ10, supplementation can reduce migraine incidence by threefold. In a larger study, 1,550 patients with low coenzyme Q10 levels experienced reduced pain severity and fewer migraine episodes after treatment. As a result, CoQ10 has been recommended by the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society for migraine prevention and treatment.[2]

3. Skin Health

Coenzyme Q10 can reduce internal and external damage to the skin by enhancing cellular energy production and promoting antioxidant protection. Topical application of CoQ10 has been shown to reduce UV-induced oxidative damage, minimize wrinkle depth, and even lower the risk of skin cancer.

Who Should Supplement Coenzyme Q10

Based on the functions and applications of CoQ10, the following groups may consider taking CoQ10 supplements:

• Aging Individuals
• Cardiovascular Disease Patients
• Statin Users

Statins, while inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, also reduce CoQ10 synthesis, leading to lower CoQ10 levels.

• Migraine Sufferers
• Individuals Experiencing Fatigue or Engaging in High Levels of Physical Activity
• People with Skin Aging or Long-Term UV Exposure

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is recognized as a reliable supplier of Coenzyme Q10, catering to a wide range of industries, including pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Send us an inquiry if you are interested.

[1] Okamoto T, et al. Internat J Vit Nutr Res 59; 288-92; Aberg et al. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Biophysics 1992; 295: 230-4; Shindo Y, et al. J Invets Dermatol 1994; 102 : 122-4.

[2] Parohan M, Sarraf P, Javanbakht MH, Ranji-Burachaloo S, Djalali M. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on clinical features of migraine: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Neurosci. 2020 Nov;23(11):868-875. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1572940. Epub 2019 Feb 6. PMID: 30727862.

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What is Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is recognized as one of the best moisturizing substances currently discovered, regarded as the optimal humectant. It has an exceptional water-absorbing ability, capable of retaining water up to 1,000 times its own volume. HA is abundantly present in the skin, forming one of the main components of the skin’s extracellular matrix. This substance can bind with proteins to form larger proteoglycan molecules, ultimately creating a gel-like structure of hyaluronic acid-protein-water, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin’s moisture.

The Importance of Hyaluronic Acid for the Skin：

HA within the dermis provides space and nutrients for collagen and elastic fibers, forming a structural framework for the skin. This is essential for maintaining the stability, integration, and elasticity of skin tissues.

Hyaluronic Acids by Molecular Weight

Hyaluronic acid can be classified based on its molecular weight into:

• High Molecular Weight HA (HMW-HA): Above 1,800 KDa.
• Medium Molecular Weight HA (MMW-HA): Between 200 KDa and 1,800 KDa.
• Low Molecular Weight HA (LMW-HA): Between 5 KDa and 200 KDa.
• Oligomeric Hyaluronic Acid (Oligo-HA): Below 10 KDa.

Further subdivision identifies Micro-Hyaluronic Acid (Micro-HA) with a molecular weight below 5 KDa.

Learning more: Comparative Analysis of Hyaluronic Acid with Different Molecular Weights

Each molecular weight category has distinct physicochemical properties and application areas. HMW-HA is commonly used in ophthalmic and orthopedic surgical products due to its excellent viscoelasticity and lubricating properties. MMW-HA finds widespread applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and health products. LMW-HA is often used in cosmetics and health supplements for its better absorption. Oligo-HA and Micro-HA are primarily utilized in medical and cosmetic products.

What is Micro-Hyaluronic Acid

Micro-HA refers to ultra-low molecular weight HA fragments (below 5 KDa) obtained through the degradation of hyaluronic acid. Studies have shown that Micro-HA can quickly penetrate beneath the stratum corneum, providing long-lasting hydration to the skin. As a natural component of the human body, Micro-HA has excellent biocompatibility, offering comprehensive moisturizing and anti-aging effects. It represents a new generation of hyaluronic acid products.

Micro- Hyaluronic Acid vs. Regular Hyaluronic Acid

Micro-sodium hyaluronate stands out from regular sodium hyaluronate with the following features:

• Ultra-Low Molecular Weight: Micro-sodium hyaluronate has a molecular weight of less than 5 kDa.
• Strong Permeability: Its superior permeability allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum and reach the basal layer of the skin.
• Enhanced Moisturizing Ability: The moisturizing effect of micro-sodium hyaluronate is 6-7 times stronger than that of regular sodium hyaluronate.
• Superior Skin Affinity: While regular sodium hyaluronate forms a film on the skin’s surface that is easily washed off, micro-sodium hyaluronate binds to skin cells, providing robust hydration support and protection that is less prone to being washed away.

Advantages of Micro-Hyaluronic Acid

1. Deep Moisturization

Micro-HA can penetrate the skin and provide deep hydration, significantly increasing skin moisture content. When combined with high molecular weight HA, the moisturizing effect is further enhanced synergistically.

2. Repair of Damaged Cells

Micro-HA repairs damaged cells, enhancing cellular activity and reducing damage caused by external factors.

3. Free Radical Scavenging

Micro-HA eliminates reactive oxygen species induced by sunlight, enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity and improving the skin’s defense against UVB radiation.

4. Anti-Aging

Continuous use of skincare products containing Micro-HA improves skin elasticity, strengthens the skin barrier, reduces wrinkles, and provides anti-aging benefits.

How Does Micro-Hyaluronic Acid Benefit the Skin

High molecular weight hyaluronic acid cannot penetrate the normal skin barrier and forms a breathable thin film on the skin surface. Its primary function is to keep the skin smooth and moisturized while protecting it from bacteria, dust, and UV radiation. In contrast, low molecular weight HA can penetrate the skin barrier to the dermis, suppress inflammatory responses, promote angiogenesis, improve intermediate metabolism, enhance nutrient absorption, and reduce wrinkles.

In the dermis, Micro-HA participates in the metabolism of collagen and elastic fibers, providing moisture and nutrients and enhancing skin elasticity.

In vitro experiments have shown that Micro-HA can:

• Increase collagen synthesis (+100%)
• Activate glutamine transaminase (+100%)
• Reduce matrix metalloproteinase activity (-15%)

Collagen is a key extracellular matrix component responsible for skin strength, while the proper organization and alignment of collagen fibers involve glutamine transaminase. Matrix metalloproteinases degrade collagen fibers. In summary, Micro-HA exerts anti-wrinkle effects by acting on these substances within the body.

Where to Buy the Best Micro Hyaluronic Acid

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a wholesale supplier of pure organic hyaluronic acid in the USA. The company has rich experience in medical-grade, cosmetic-grade, Injection-Grade, and food-grade sodium hyaluronate. The high molecular weight, middle molecular weight, low molecular, and oligomeric weight hyaluronic acid powder are available as well. We offer hyaluronic acid raw materials to customers in the USA, Canada, and Europe. A detailed description of Micro-HA is listed below. For further information, please make your inquiry.

020-000-118 Micro Hyaluronic Acid Specification

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What Is The Relationship Between Salicin and Salicylic Acid

They shared a chemical foundation and metabolic connection. Salicin is a natural compound found primarily in the bark of willow trees and certain other plants. It serves as a prodrug, meaning that it metabolizes into its active form within the human body.

When ingested, salicin undergoes enzymatic conversion to salicylic acid, a process that primarily occurs in the liver. This biochemical transformation underscores the historical significance of salicin as the precursor to salicylic acid, which eventually became the inspiration for modern aspirin.

In essence, salicin can be considered a natural, plant-derived source of salicylic acid, forming a direct biochemical link between the two.

Fig 1. The molecular structure and origin

What Is Their Difference

Although salicin and salicylic acid are chemically related, they differ in molecular structure, source, bioactivity, solubility, and toxicity.

Structurally, salicin is composed of salicylic acid bound to a glucose molecule, while salicylic acid is a standalone organic acid.

Strictly speaking, their sources are also different. Salicin is primarily found in certain plants, such as birch bark and willow leaves. In contrast, salicylic acid is obtained through the hydrolysis of salicin or artificial synthesis.

They exhibit distinct bioactivities. Salicin needs to be enzymatically hydrolyzed into salicylic acid in the body to take effect, whereas salicylic acid directly exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.

Generally, salicin has poor solubility in water, while salicylic acid is highly soluble.

Additionally, their toxicity levels differ. Salicin is relatively less toxic, while salicylic acid can cause gastrointestinal irritation, toxicity, or even death when taken in high doses.

In summary, salicin is usually milder and less irritating to the stomach lining because it requires metabolic conversion to exert its effects. Salicylic acid, on the other hand, is an active compound with stronger potency, often used topically for its immediate therapeutic properties.

A reminder: many people use salicylic acid to combat acne, but it should not be applied extensively (over more than 30% of the body surface area), as it may lead to symptoms of toxicity, such as dizziness, tinnitus, or confusion.

What Are Their Uses

Salicin has a long history in traditional medicine as a natural pain reliever and anti-inflammatory agent. Salicylic acid has carved its niche in modern medicine and skincare.

–Applications of Salicin

Salicin is widely found in plants such as willow bark and birch bark. In traditional herbal medicine, it is used as a natural anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic agent. It requires metabolic conversion into salicylic acid in the body to exert its effects, making it milder and less irritating to the gastrointestinal tract.

It is also used in herbal extracts and dietary supplements to relieve mild headaches, joint pain, inflammation, and fever, serving as a natural alternative to aspirin. Given its antioxidant properties, salicin has also been studied for its potential to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.

–Applications of Salicylic Acid

Salicylic acid has the ability to exfoliate and dissolve keratin, making it an important medicinal ingredient. It is widely used in the treatment of acne, psoriasis, corns, warts, and other keratinization-related skin conditions.

It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. With its mild exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties, salicylic acid is included in cleansers, toners, and creams to help clear pores, improve skin texture, and reduce inflammation.

In industrial applications, it also serves as a precursor for synthesizing aspirin and other pharmaceuticals, showcasing its versatility beyond topical and oral remedies.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) specializes in providing pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw ingredients, as well as various herbal extracts, to enterprises and research institutions. Our product offerings include sodium hyaluronate, salicin, capryloyl salicylic acid, dihydromyricetin, chondroitin sulfate, and more. If you have related needs, feel free to contact us for inquiries.

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Fig 1. Artemisinin source and structure

Advantages of Artemisinin Combination Therapy

Artemisinin combination therapy enhances efficacy, reduces recurrence, delays resistance, and minimizes side effects across various treatments.

–Improving Efficacy

Artemisinin acts quickly but has a very short half-life. Using long-acting drugs like piperaquine for malaria, along with treatments like cisplatin or PD-1 antibodies, can improve results. This approach targets pathogens or tumor cells more effectively.

–Reducing Recurrence

Using other drugs, like mefloquine or ribavirin, lowers the risk of drug resistance. This happens because these drugs attack pathogens or viruses in different ways. As a result, the chances of survival for these harmful agents decrease.

–Reducing Drug Resistance

Combination with other drugs (e.g., mefloquine or ribavirin) decreases the risk of drug resistance by attacking pathogens or viruses through multiple mechanisms, hence diminishing their chances of survival.

–Lowering Side Effects

Combining therapies helps reduce the dose of harmful drugs. For example, it can lower steroid use in autoimmune diseases. This decreases side effects while keeping the treatment effective.

Anti-Malarial Combination Therapy

In the anti-malarial field, combination therapy is currently the main strategy for treating malaria, particularly to counteract resistance to Plasmodium parasites. Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first-line treatment for malaria.

Artemisinin and its derivatives can quickly lower the number of parasites in the body. Combination therapies also help reduce the risk of resistance to one drug.

List of artemisinin combination therapy for malarial:

Anti-Cancer Combination Therapy

Artemisinin and its derivatives have recently been found to possess anti-cancer properties. Based on iron-dependent cytotoxicity, artemisinin selectively targets cancer cells, inducing apoptosis. Studies have shown that artemisinin exhibits inhibitory effects on breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, and ovarian cancer. [1]Combining artemisinin with other drugs can enhance efficacy and improve treatment outcomes.

List of combination therapies for cancers:

Anti-Viral Combination Therapy

Artemisinin exhibits multiple mechanisms of action, including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating effects. Artemisinin and its derivatives can block SARS-CoV-2. They may stop the virus from entering host cells or reduce its replication[2] Some clinical trials have evaluated the effects of artemisinin in combination with other drugs.

Anti-Viral combination therapy list:

Combination Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases

T cells and B cells are important for the immune system. When they are activated incorrectly, it can lead to autoimmune diseases.

Artemisinin-based drugs can affect how T cells and B cells work. They can stop these cells from activating and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines. This helps to ease autoimmune diseases.

Combining artemisinin with other drugs can improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects, particularly in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Combination therapies for autoimmune diseases:

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of Sodium Hyaluronate Powder and various herbal extracts. We offer various molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate powder, artemisinin, dihydromyricetin, and chondroitin sulfate. For more information on these materials, please check out our home page.

[1] Anna Maria Posadino, Roberta Giordo, Gianfranco Pintus, Medicinal and mechanistic overview of artemisinin in the treatment of human diseases, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 163, 2023, 114866, ISSN 0753-3322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114866.

[2] Beyraghdar Kashkooli, A., Babaei, A., Rezaei, A., & R., A. (2022). Artemisinins in Combating Viral Infections Like SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation and Cancers and Options to Meet Increased Global Demand. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 780257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.780257

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Natural Ingredients in Skincare Products

Generally, ingredients derived from natural resources and obtained through physical extraction or simple chemical processing are referred to as “natural ingredients.”

1. Herbal Extracts

Herbal extracts are common natural ingredients in cosmetics. For example, centella asiatica extract has repairing and anti-inflammatory effects. It is rich in triterpenoids, which promote collagen synthesis, speed up skin healing, and reduce inflammation, making it particularly beneficial for acne-prone and sensitive skin.

Chamomile extract is rich in flavonoids, which soothe the skin, reduce redness and itching, and provide antioxidant benefits, helping to relieve skin stress.

2. Natural Oils

Natural oils are moisturizing and nourishing ingredients in skincare products. For example, shea butter is rich in fatty acids and vitamins, which repair dry skin, enhance skin elasticity, and form a moisture-locking barrier on the skin surface.

Coconut oil has excellent penetrative properties, deeply moisturizing the skin. Its natural antibacterial properties help relieve inflammation, making it suitable for dry and sensitive skin.

3. Natural Polysaccharides and Proteins

Natural polysaccharides and proteins are important active ingredients in skincare products. For example, hyaluronic acid has exceptional hydrating properties. It can attract moisture and form a hydrating film on the skin surface, improving dryness and increasing elasticity.

Collagen is a natural protein that fills the gaps between skin cells, improving skin firmness and softness. Elastin is particularly effective in enhancing skin elasticity, suitable for anti-aging skincare needs.

4. Natural Acids

Natural acids are often used for exfoliation and brightening. For example, AHA (alpha-hydroxy acids), derived from fruit extracts, gently removes dead skin cells, improves dullness, and refines skin texture.

BHA (beta-hydroxy acids), derived from willow bark, penetrates pores to dissolve oil, reducing blackheads and acne. Lactic acid is known for its gentle exfoliation, making it suitable for sensitive skin.

5. Natural Minerals

Natural minerals are mainly used for sun protection and oil control. For example, titanium dioxide is a natural mineral sunscreen that reflects UV rays, protecting the skin from photoaging.

Kaolin clay is an absorbent mineral that effectively removes excess oil and impurities, purifies pores, and is often used in skin-cleansing products.

6. Other Natural Active Substances

Other natural active substances also play important roles in cosmetics. For instance, honey is a natural humectant rich in various sugars and minerals that deeply hydrate the skin and improve its barrier function.

Pearl powder is popular for its rich calcium and amino acid content, which not only whitens the skin but also reduces fine lines and dullness. Algae extracts contain a variety of minerals and polysaccharides, providing hydration, antioxidation, and enhanced skin repair. Spirulina, rich in proteins and vitamins, is one of the best ingredients for anti-aging skincare.

Chemical Ingredients in Skincare Products

Some ingredients, such as niacinamide (Vitamin B3), are naturally present in many foods, but extracting them directly from these sources is not economical. Their natural content is low, and the extraction cost is high, making it difficult to meet large-scale, high-purity demands. In such cases, synthetic production becomes a more reasonable choice.

Main Chemical Ingredients Overview

Which Is Safer

Natural ingredients come from nature, retaining the diversity and potential synergistic effects found in their natural state. For example, chamomile extract offers both anti-inflammatory and soothing properties for the skin. In contrast, chemically synthesized ingredients lack these characteristics and primarily serve a single function.

However, despite the many advantages of natural ingredients in cosmetics, there are challenges and considerations to keep in mind. First, natural ingredients may be less stable than synthetic ones and can be easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature and light. Second, the extraction and processing of natural ingredients require strict controls to ensure their quality and safety. Additionally, even natural ingredients can sometimes cause allergic reactions, particularly for individuals with sensitive skin.

Of course, some chemical ingredients (such as high-concentration salicylic acid and paraben preservatives) can also cause irritation or even raise health concerns. Moreover, it is worth noting that certain chemical ingredients, such as silicones, may pose potential environmental risks.

Market Trends: Natural Ingredients Replacing Synthetic Ones

As health and environmental awareness grow, consumers are more inclined to choose cosmetics containing natural ingredients. This trend is driving companies to make changes.

Firstly, companies are focusing on selecting environmentally and socially friendly alternatives that do not compromise product efficacy, safety, or shelf life. Advances in green chemistry and biotechnology have provided solutions, such as replacing petroleum-derived emollients with plant-based oils or squalane from sustainable sources.

Replacing synthetic preservatives with natural ones is another significant shift. Plant extracts and essential oils, such as tea tree, cinnamon, and thyme extracts, are leading this change by offering effective antibacterial protection and enhancing the sensory properties of products.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) has over 16 years of experience in the manufacture and sale of skin care and personal care ingredients. We offer skin care ingredient raw materials to meet a variety of skin care needs.

Reference:

Common Skin Care Ingredients You Need to Know

Acids in Skincare: What Are the Different Uses and Precautions

Hyaluronic Acid vs. Retinol vs. Vitamin C: Which Is Best for Skincare?

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Multiple Functions of Sodium Hyaluronate

From skincare to medicine, joint care to genetic engineering, sodium hyaluronate has become an indispensable part of modern technology and daily life.

Fig 1. Wide range of uses for hyaluronic acid

–A Multifunctional Skincare Ingredient

Sodium hyaluronate is a star in skincare products. It boasts excellent moisturizing properties, repairs the skin barrier, and fights aging. It quickly increases the skin’s water content, restoring its radiance. Whether it’s a luxury serum or an affordable mask, you’re likely to find its presence.

Read more: Hyaluronic Acid vs Glycerin: Which is More Hydrating

–A Star Ingredient in the Beauty Industry

It is not only a key ingredient in skincare but also a celebrity in the beauty field. From injectable fillers and skin tightening to restoring elasticity, sodium hyaluronate plays a crucial role.

— A Key Component of Artificial Tears

For modern individuals who spend extended periods staring at screens, dry eye syndrome has become a common issue. Sodium hyaluronate, with its excellent lubricating and moisturizing properties, is widely used in artificial tears, effectively alleviating eye discomfort and fatigue.

Read more: From Surgery to Daily Care: The Versatile Role of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health

— A Miracle Ingredient for Joint Pain Relief

Joint problems are often caused by the loss of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. Sodium hyaluronate is used in joint injection solutions to provide lubrication, reduce friction and pain, and restore mobility for osteoarthritis patients.

— Significant Applications in Medicine

In surgeries, sodium hyaluronate serves as a tissue filler or drug carrier, accelerating tissue healing and reducing inflammation. Additionally, it is used in wound repair and oral care, demonstrating extraordinary medical value.

How Molecular Weight Affects Sodium Hyaluronate Uses

The molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate determines its characteristics in absorption, penetration, lubrication, and repair, making it a crucial reference for its specific applications.

Fig 2. HA with different molecular weights has different permeability

–High Molecular Weight HA: Preferred for Barrier and Lubrication

High molecular weight (>1,800 kDa) sodium hyaluronate tends to remain on the surface, forming a viscoelastic film.

• Joint Treatment: In osteoarthritis therapy, it enhances the viscoelasticity of joint fluid, reduces friction, and alleviates pain.
• Ophthalmology: Its lubricating properties protect the cornea and alleviate discomfort in dry eyes, particularly for contact lens wearers.
• Food Industry: Used as a food additive to improve oral and esophageal lubrication, aiding those with swallowing difficulties.

— Medium Molecular Weight HA: Balanced Properties for Broad Applications

Medium molecular weight (200–1,800 kDa) sodium hyaluronate offers a balance of surface action and penetration.

• Medical Dressings: Exhibits excellent tissue repair properties for burns and wounds, covering surfaces while promoting regeneration.
• Drug Delivery: Used as a matrix material for drug delivery systems, enabling slow drug release and improved bioavailability.

— Low Molecular Weight HA: Core for Penetration and Repair

Low molecular weight (5-200 kDa) sodium hyaluronate has excellent penetration properties, reaching deep into tissues or cells.

Aesthetic Treatments: Used for deep tissue filling in injections, such as correcting depressions or scar repair.

• Drug Development: Its penetration performance makes it an effective drug carrier for cancer and immune regulation treatments.
• Anti-inflammatory and Immune Regulation: It modulates inflammatory responses, aiding in pathological inflammation suppression in immunological research and therapies.

— Ultra-Low Molecular Weight HA: Exploring Frontier Functions

Ultra-low molecular weight (<5 kDa) sodium hyaluronate has drawn attention in modern medicine and biotechnology.

• Gene Therapy: Serves as a new type of gene delivery vector, efficiently transporting gene fragments into nuclei for gene editing and cancer treatment.
• Anti-Aging Research: Directly activates repair mechanisms at the cellular level, potentially reversing aging processes.

Table 1. Comparison of high, medium, low, and ultra-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid: HA with different molecular weights has different water solubility, viscoelasticity, and uses.

Read more: Comparative Analysis of Hyaluronic Acid with Different Molecular Weights

Production Method: Microbial Fermentation

The microbial fermentation method employs microorganisms such as streptococci to produce sodium hyaluronate through fermentation. This process is more eco-friendly and safer than traditional animal tissue extraction, avoiding allergic risks from animal sources. It also allows precise control of molecular weight and purity, meeting diverse industry needs.

Read more: How is Hyaluronic Acid Powder Made

Derivatives of Hyaluronic Acid

To expand the applications of sodium hyaluronate, scientists have developed various derivatives through chemical modifications. For example, cross-linked hyaluronic acid is a derivative where molecular chains are connected with cross-linking agents to form a more stable 3D network structure.

These modifications significantly enhance its resistance to degradation while maintaining elasticity and water retention. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid is primarily used in long-lasting cosmetic fillers for wrinkle removal and shaping. It is also used in joint cavity injections to increase lubrication and alleviate pain.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a pioneer in the development of hyaluronic acid. Products include food-grade, medical-grade, cosmetic-grade, injectable-grade hyaluronic acid, and hyaluronic acid derivatives (Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate and Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid Gel). We can also provide customers with customized molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate powder. For more information or specific applications, please visit our homepage.

The post Sodium Hyaluronate: Uses, Molecular Weight, Production and Derivatives appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

According to its purpose, HA can be divided into cosmetic-grade, food-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade. Of them, injectable-grade HA is extensively used in cosmetic surgery, joint therapy, and medical lubrication. How to choose suitable injectable-grade HA according to the particular requirement? Let’s discuss that.

What is Injectable-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

Injection-grade hyaluronic acid represents high-quality HA developed especially for medical and cosmetic injection purposes. It undergoes extensive purification processes to remove impurities and possible allergens, ensuring the following features:

• High Purity: It is of medical-grade quality, thus safe to be injected.
• High Biocompatibility: Very similar in structure to human tissues for maximum safety.
• Long-Lasting Stability: It degrades much more slowly, prolonging its effect.

This kind of HA is used for filling facial hollows, and lubricating joints, and can even enhance the smooth operation of surgical tools.

Key Considerations When Choosing Injectable-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

The key to selecting the right injectable-grade HA lies in understanding your application needs. Of course, we have summarized some core indicators here to help you understand your needs.

1. Molecular Weight

Molecular weight defines the viscoelasticity, absorption rate, and degradation time of HA. Generally speaking, high molecular weight works better for lubrication and support, while low to medium molecular weight serves for penetration and drug delivery.

2. Purity and Sterility

HA injections should have ultra-high purity, be free from impurities, and be manufactured under sterile conditions to minimize infection risk.

3. Biocompatibility

Good quality HA should be strictly tested for compatibility with human tissues to minimize inflammation or adverse reactions upon its use.

4. Certification and Credentials

Only choose products certified by international authorities such as FDA or CE to ensure good quality and safety.

Products meeting this criterion will perform well in the intended applications.

Read more: How is Hyaluronic Acid Powder Made

Suitable Molecular Weights for Different Scenarios

–Cosmetic Procedures

HA is commonly used in cosmetic procedures to fill facial hollows, reduce fine lines, and improve skin elasticity.

Studies have shown that HA with molecular weights in the range of 1,300 kDa–1,800 kDa provides optimal viscoelasticity and volumizing effects, which are crucial for facial contouring and dermal filler applications.[i]

The medium to high molecular weight provides the structural integrity needed to sculpt facial contours while maintaining biocompatibility and longer-lasting effects due to slower degradation rates.

–Joint Injections

For patients with osteoarthritis, HA injections are essential for pain relief and improved joint mobility.

The high molecular weight ensures a thick, viscous solution capable of providing cushioning for joints, mimicking natural synovial fluid.

–Medical Lubricants

HA is often used as a lubricant during surgical procedures to minimize friction between instruments and tissues, improving procedural efficiency.

Medium molecular weight (800 kDa–1,300 kDa) HA is well-documented for its flowability and lubricating properties, essential for reducing friction during surgical procedures.[ii]

Medium molecular weight strikes a balance between being easy to handle and highly effective as a lubricant, making it suitable for surgical applications requiring precise, smooth interactions.

Conclusion

It is easy to select the proper injectable-grade hyaluronic acid once the application scenario is clear. Cosmetic procedures require medium and high molecular weight products for excellent support and longevity of results. High molecular weight HA has better application in joint injections, as it maintains lubrication and cushioning.

Meanwhile, in medical lubricant applications, medium molecular weight HA remains flowable with safety features. Regardless of the application, always prioritize purity, sterility, and certifications to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Pure Injection Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Powder from Stanford Chemicals Company

Injection-grade hyaluronic acid from Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is GMP, CEP, and DMF certificated and the factory passed an on-site inspection by the US FDA. It is all fermented products, non-animal sources, non-GMO, and non-BSE/TSE risk.

Main Products:

References:

The 5 Common Uses of Injectable Hyaluronic Acid

High vs. Low Hyaluronic Acid: How Molecular Weight Affects the Efficacy

[i] Kablik J, Monheit GD, Yu L, Chang G, Gershkovich J. Comparative physical properties of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. Dermatol Surg. 2009 Feb;35 Suppl 1:302-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.01046.x. PMID: 19207319.

[ii] Cowman MK, Schmidt TA, Raghavan P, Stecco A. Viscoelastic Properties of Hyaluronan in Physiological Conditions. F1000Res. 2015 Aug 25;4:622. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.6885.1. PMID: 26594344; PMCID: PMC4648226.

The post How to Choose the Right Injectable-Grade Hyaluronic Acid appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide with repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Its salt form, sodium hyaluronate (SH), was initially isolated from the eye’s vitreous body. Sodium hyaluronate has a wide distribution in animal or human tissues, generally located in the extracellular matrix. It has a high concentration in the vitreous humor, aqueous humor, synovial fluid, skin, and umbilical cord.

Sodium hyaluronate is known for its excellent viscoelasticity, unique rheological properties, pseudoplasticity, non-toxicity, and superior biocompatibility.

Fig 1. Artificial tears with hyaluronic acid as the main ingredient

Basis for Sodium Hyaluronate in Ophthalmology Applications

It is highly moisturizing. Sodium hyaluronate can bind water several hundred times its weight, maintaining the ocular surface moisture balance. Its viscoelastic nature allows it to form a stable film on the eye surface, providing lubrication and protection while reducing friction.

As a natural constituent of human tissues, sodium hyaluronate possesses excellent biocompatibility with minimal risk of rejection or irritation. Furthermore, it provides an enhancement in corneal repair and regeneration, reduces inflammation, and soothes discomfort due to environmental stimuli or surgical procedures.

Given these properties, sodium hyaluronate is widely used in ophthalmic products such as artificial tears, surgical viscoelastic fillers, ophthalmic injectables, and corneal repair agents. Its applications range from routine eye care to advanced surgical procedures.

Fig 2. Viscoelasticity of hyaluronic acid

Applications of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health

The uses of sodium hyaluronate in ophthalmology can be roughly divided into two categories. There is ophthalmic viscoelasticity, mainly used in all sorts of ophthalmic surgeries including glaucoma and cataract surgery; another one is eye drops, mainly used in treating dry eyes and corneal burns.

1. Ophthalmic Viscoelastic Agents

1.1 Role in Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate is used as a viscoelastic agent in many eye surgeries. It has a high molecular weight and excellent viscoelasticity, providing mechanical protection for the surgery to take place. Therefore, it maintains structure and prevents tissue collapse or damage caused by surgical instruments.

• Glaucoma Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate protects intraocular tissues, maintains the shape of the anterior chamber, and reduces friction and damage from surgical tools, thus enhancing safety.

• Cataract Surgery

It acts to safeguard the cornea endothelium and to serve as an aid to the implantation of an intraocular lens. It provides a clearer surgical field and minimizes mechanical trauma to the cornea during surgery.

• Trauma Repair Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate serves as a lubricant for the surgical procedure in ocular traumatized patients, inhibits the adhesion of tissues, and provides an optimal environment for healing after surgery.

• Corneal Laser Surgery

The protective film helps prevent excessive drying of tissues and reduces mechanical irritation from surgical instruments.

1.2 Recovery Post-Surgery

Sodium hyaluronate after surgery promotes the repair of tissues, reduces inflammation, and speeds up healing. It keeps the environment moistened to reduce any discomfort for the patients in recovery.

2. Eye Drops

Sodium hyaluronate is used in eye drops for moisturizing and lubrication, relieving dry eyes, protecting the ocular surface, and promoting corneal repair. It is suitable for sensitive people and postoperative care.

2.1 Treatment for Dry Eye

Dry Eye is a chronic condition caused by insufficient tear production or excessive evaporation, leading to symptoms such as dryness, fatigue, and a foreign body sensation. Sodium hyaluronate excels in treating dry eye due to its strong moisturizing properties.

• It forms a uniform protective film on the ocular surface, enhancing tear film stability and preventing tear evaporation.
• Its high water retention alleviates dryness and improves patient comfort.
• It enhances the repair ability of ocular surface cells, preventing more severe damage caused by chronic dryness.

2.2 Corneal Burn Repair

Sodium hyaluronate plays a vital role in treating corneal burns, where the cornea experiences water loss, cell damage, and inflammation. It helps in several ways:

• Moisturizing and Lubricating
• Promoting Cell Regeneration
• Reducing Inflammation

2.3 Daily Eye Care

Sodium hyaluronate-based eye drops are also widely used for daily eye care, especially by individuals who use electronic devices for extended periods or wear contact lenses. These drops effectively relieve discomfort caused by eye strain or insufficient tears, providing long-lasting hydration and lubrication.

Product Recommendations

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is one of the leading US-based wholesalers of hyaluronic acid, offering a range of pure hyaluronic acid powders in medical, food, cosmetic, and injectable grades. These cover high, medium, and low molecular weights and also support customization.

The main products in eye health:

References:

Sodium Hyaluronate Used in Anterior Segment Eye Surgery

Hyaluronic Acid: The Ultimate Moisturizer for Dry Eyes

The post From Surgery to Daily Care: The Versatile Role of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

HA Content in the Body

HA is an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays a crucial role in maintaining the shape, structure, and function of the skin. As we age, our metabolism slows, and the body’s ability to synthesize HA decreases. This reduction particularly affects the skin and joints.

On one hand, collagen and elastic fibers in the skin lack sufficient moisture, leading to a loss of elasticity and the appearance of wrinkles. On the other hand, the decrease in HA in joint fluid reduces the protective effects on cartilage, which can lead to joint pain, limited mobility, and even arthritis.

Fig 1. HA Content in the Body

Can Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid Be Absorbed by the Body

The answer is Yes.

Oral HA is primarily absorbed through the intestines, where it is broken down by enzymes into smaller fragments. Some HA molecules are further broken down into smaller HA fragments or monosaccharides, which then enter the bloodstream. These fragments still help provide hydration and lubrication to the body.

Fig 2. Absorption of oral HA[i]

As shown in Figure 2, intestinal microbes degrade HA, which is then transported to the liver for metabolism or to other tissues like the skin, joints, and eyes. Excess HA is excreted from the body.

Reading more: Consuming Hyaluronic Acid to Prevent Joint Pain

Benefits of Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid

Since HA can be transported to the skin, joints, and eyes, it has positive effects on their health.

1. Increasing Skin Hydration

HA has a powerful ability to retain moisture, which helps the skin stay hydrated, soft, and elastic. Oral HA can increase the skin’s water content, reducing fine lines and wrinkles, and making the skin appear younger. Additionally, HA supports the skin’s natural barrier, helping protect against external irritants.

Fig 3. Comparison of food-grade HA before and after consumption

Related products:

2. Lubricating Joints

HA serves as a lubricant in joint fluid, reducing friction between joints and improving movement. Oral HA can raise HA levels within the joints, helping relieve pain and discomfort caused by arthritis. HA also has mild anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce inflammation around joints and delay joint degeneration.

Fig 4. The role of HA in joints

3. Relieving Eye Dryness

HA is a key component of the eye’s vitreous body and tear fluid, helping keep the eyes moist and reducing dry eye symptoms. HA supplements can relieve eye dryness and irritation, especially for people who use electronic devices for extended periods or wear contact lenses. Its moisturizing and lubricating effects help reduce eye strain and blurry vision, enhancing clarity.

4. Promoting Overall

Health Besides benefiting skin, joints, and eyes, food-grade HA also supports general health.

• Boosting the Immune System: HA helps support immunity and accelerates wound healing.
• Supporting Gut Health: HA helps repair the intestinal mucosa, aiding in maintaining a healthy digestive system.
• Antioxidant Protection: HA has antioxidant properties that neutralize free radicals, reducing cell damage and slowing aging.

Conclusion

Food-grade hyaluronic acid offers a natural way to support skin hydration, joint lubrication, and eye moisture, benefiting those who seek an internal approach to health and wellness. Regular intake of HA supplements can enhance these areas and contribute to overall well-being. As with any supplement, consult a healthcare professional to ensure it’s right for your needs and fits well within a balanced health regimen.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is the leading wholesale supplier of pure organic hyaluronic acid in the United States. Our products include high, medium, and low molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate powders. Of course, we also support custom molecular weights. If you are interested, welcome to get a quote.

Our products have obtained relevant certifications, which show their safety.

• ISO 9001 (Quality Management System)
• ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System)
• ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management System)

[i] Zheng X, Wang B, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Zhao J, Cui S, Chen W. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review. Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Jan 1;299:120153. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153. Epub 2022 Sep 26. PMID: 36876779.

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