The Mechanism of Chondroitin Sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring substance found in the cartilage of the human body. Its primary function is to help maintain the elasticity and hydration of cartilage. Healthy cartilage is essential for the normal functioning of joints, as it reduces friction during joint movement and absorbs shock, thus protecting the bones from damage. Structurally, chondroitin is similar to glycosaminoglycans, which play a crucial role in the matrix of cartilage by providing both structure and support.

Chondroitin (Ch) works by absorbing water, maintaining the elasticity and lubrication of cartilage. When the level of chondroitin decreases, cartilage can become fragile and lose its normal function, worsening arthritis symptoms. The theory behind supplementing with Ch is to increase the concentration in the joints, improve cartilage quality, and, as a result, relieve pain and stiffness.

Video: Chondroitin Sulfate For your Joint

Clinical Research Evidence

Despite its widespread use in joint health supplements, the effectiveness of Ch remains a topic of debate in the scientific community. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate its impact on arthritis, but the results are not entirely consistent.

Some early studies suggested that chondroitin possesses anti-inflammatory properties, reducing joint pain and improving function. For instance, a study published in 2007 found that chondroitin sulfate significantly reduced pain scores in patients with knee osteoarthritis and improved their ability to move. These findings provided theoretical support for the use of chondroitin and prompted more people to try it as a supplement.

However, more recent large-scale randomized controlled trials have produced mixed results. One such study, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and known as the GAIT (Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial), found that the combination of chondroitin and glucosamine did not show significant benefits for patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis. However, in patients with more severe osteoarthritis, the combination appeared to provide some relief. This result sparked widespread discussion about the effectiveness of Ch among both academics and the general public.

Fig 1. Chondroitin sulfate powder

Why the Inconsistent Results

The varying results across different studies could be attributed to several factors. First, the effectiveness of Ch may depend on the severity of the patient’s condition. In some studies, participants may have had relatively mild arthritis, where the cartilage damage was not yet pronounced. As a result, supplementing with chondroitin sulfate may not have produced significant effects. In contrast, in studies involving patients with more advanced arthritis, where cartilage was more severely damaged, chondroitin may have had a more noticeable impact.

Second, differences in study design and methodology could also explain the inconsistent results. Factors such as the dosage of Ch, duration of use, and whether it was combined with other supplements or medications all influence the outcome. Additionally, the quality and formulation of chondroitin supplements vary between products, potentially affecting their efficacy.

Fig 2. Chondroitin sulfate structure and the benefit of shock absorber

Considerations for Using Chondroitin

Although some studies have shown improvements in arthritis symptoms with Ch, it is essential to approach its use with caution. First, chondroitin sulfate is not a quick fix. According to clinical research, it may take at least three months of consistent use before noticeable results are observed. Therefore, individuals looking for fast pain relief may find chondroitin insufficient on its own.

Secondly, while chondroitin is generally considered safe, some mild side effects have been reported, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, chondroitin may interact with certain medications, particularly blood thinners. Thus, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting chondroitin sulfate, especially for individuals taking other medications.

Is Chondroitin Right for You

Chondroitin may offer some benefits for people with arthritis, particularly those with more severe symptoms. However, its effectiveness may be limited in individuals with mild osteoarthritis. If you are considering using Ch to relieve joint pain, it’s crucial to assess your specific condition, including the severity of your arthritis, your treatment goals, and the potential for side effects. A discussion with your doctor can help you make an informed decision about whether long-term use of chondroitin is appropriate for you.

Read more: Hyaluronic Acid VS. Glucosamine VS. Chondroitin: Which Is Best for Joints?

Other Ways to Manage Arthritis

In addition to chondroitin, managing arthritis often involves a multi-faceted approach. For example, regular exercise can help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength, reducing stress on the joints. Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises can also effectively relieve joint pain and improve joint function.

Medications play an important role in arthritis management as well. For patients with more severe pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids may be recommended. Injections of hyaluronic acid are also a common method. In recent years, newer biological therapies and disease-modifying drugs have been developed to control the inflammatory response and progression of arthritis.

Conclusion

Chondroitin sulfate, as a natural substance, theoretically helps protect and repair joint cartilage. However, its actual effectiveness varies among individuals, especially in patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis, where the scientific evidence remains inconclusive. For patients with more advanced symptoms, Ch supplementation may offer some relief. When choosing whether to use chondroitin sulfate or other supplements, it’s important to consider your health condition, consult with a doctor, and adopt a comprehensive approach to managing arthritis to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) has developed the manufacturing and selling of Chondroitin Sulfate for over 16 years. Our products included pharmaceutical-grade and food-grade chondroitin sulfate. The sources are bovine, shark cartilage, etc.

The post Does Chondroitin Sulfate Help with Arthritis appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

1. Hyaluronic Acid for Skin: Moisturizing and Anti-Aging

Hyaluronic acid is a component of the dermis layer of the skin, capable of retaining 100 times its weight in water. This is the source of its powerful moisturizing ability. Therefore, using HA can keep the skin hydrated, effectively improving dryness, roughness, and peeling.

For the skin, hyaluronic acid is not just a moisturizer; it also effectively combats aging. This is because HA can fill the gaps within the skin, smoothing out wrinkles and fine lines. Additionally, it increases skin elasticity, making the skin firmer and reducing sagging. As we age, supplementing with HA is a highly effective anti-aging strategy.

Read more:

Hyaluronic Acid Powder: The Acne-Prone Skin Savior

2. Hyaluronic Acid for Facial Contours: Filling Hollows and Smoothing Wrinkles

HA is a primary choice in cosmetic procedures for enhancing facial contours. Hyaluronic acid injections can fill in sunken areas of the face, such as the cheeks, temples, and chin, creating smoother and more defined facial lines. Additionally, it can smooth deep wrinkles, such as nasolabial folds and crow’s feet, lifting sagging facial skin and restoring a youthful, firm appearance.

Fig 1. Hyaluronic Acid for Facial Contours: Before and After

3. Hyaluronic Acid for Lips: Safe Lip Augmentation

Injectable-grade hyaluronic acid is a common method for lip augmentation. By injecting HA, the appearance of the lips can be significantly improved, making them fuller and more defined. Additionally, HA injections can effectively reduce fine lines and wrinkles on the lip surface.

Even without injections, applying HA directly to the lips has benefits. Because of its moisturizing properties, it helps the lips retain moisture, preventing dryness and cracking. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory properties can alleviate symptoms of lip inflammation, reducing redness and discomfort.

Fig 2. Injectable-grade HA on Lips: Before and After

Read more:

Fuller Lips Made Easy: The Power of Hyaluronic Acid

4. Hyaluronic Acid for Wound: Promoting Healing and Reducing Scars

The strong moisturizing capability of hyaluronic acid is not only beneficial for the skin but also accelerates wound healing. It forms a protective film, locking in moisture and preventing the wound from drying and scabbing. Additionally, HA has anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation at the wound site.

Another important role of HA in wound healing is promoting skin regeneration. It facilitates cell migration and proliferation, crucial steps in the healing process. Moreover, HA can reduce scar formation by promoting collagen synthesis, which enhances the strength and elasticity of new tissue, thus minimizing scarring.

Fig 3. The three phases of wound healing

Read more:

Medical Grade Hyaluronic Acid and Wound Healing

5. Hyaluronic Acid for Eyes: Relieving Dryness and Protecting the Cornea

Hyaluronic acid can keep the surface of the eyeball moist, significantly relieving dryness, irritation, and discomfort. Thus, eye drops and gels containing HA are widely used to treat dry eye syndrome and other eye discomforts.

In addition to relieving dry eye symptoms, hyaluronic acid has numerous benefits in eye surgeries. It forms a protective film, preventing dust, bacteria, and other harmful substances from damaging the cornea. In cataract and other intraocular surgeries, hyaluronic acid serves as a filling material, helping maintain the stability of intraocular structures and protecting intraocular tissues. Furthermore, it can be used as a surgical aid, reducing intraoperative damage and promoting postoperative healing.

Read more：

Sodium Hyaluronate for Dry Eyes and How It May Increase Intraocular Pressure

6. Hyaluronic Acid for Joints: Relieving Pain and Delaying Degeneration

Hyaluronic acid has a significant effect on alleviating joint inflammation. It is a crucial component of synovial fluid, providing excellent lubrication. It reduces friction between joint surfaces, protecting cartilage and reducing pain and discomfort during joint movement.

By improving lubrication and reducing pain, HA can enhance joint flexibility and stability, reducing stiffness. Additionally, it protects and repairs joint cartilage, slowing its degeneration.

Fig 4. Anatomy of the healthy and osteoarthritic knee joint[i]

Read more:

Hyaluronic Acid VS. Glucosamine VS. Chondroitin: Which Is Best for Joints?

7. Hyaluronic Acid for Bones: Preventing Osteoporosis

Hyaluronic acid is a key component of the bone matrix, playing an important role in bone health. It provides structural support to bones, promoting the formation and maintenance of the bone matrix.

In the healing process of fractures and bone injuries, HA also plays a crucial role. It promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, accelerating bone regeneration and repair, thus shortening the healing time. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation after bone injuries.

Hyaluronic acid helps prevent osteoporosis by promoting the deposition of minerals (such as calcium and phosphorus) in bones, increasing bone density and strength.

8. Hyaluronic Acid for Hair: Preventing Dryness and Enhancing Strength

Hair that lacks moisture becomes dry and frizzy. Hyaluronic acid, with its moisturizing ability, helps hair retain moisture, making it softer and smoother. Similarly, it keeps the scalp hydrated, preventing dryness and flaking, and promoting a healthy environment for hair growth.

Moreover, HA enhances hair strength and elasticity, reducing breakage and split ends. Its antioxidant properties also benefit hair health by neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress damage, maintaining the health of the hair.

9. Hyaluronic Acid for Brain: Protecting Nerves

Hyaluronic acid plays a significant role in neuroprotection. It protects nerve cells from external damage, reducing apoptosis and injury. Additionally, hyaluronic acid is an important component of the brain’s extracellular matrix, providing structural support and maintaining the health of the extracellular matrix.

Researchers have noticed the potential of HA in improving cognitive function. By enhancing the health and function of nerve cells, HA may support learning and memory. Its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects could also help reduce age-related cognitive decline.

Fig 5. Different forms of HA scaffolds[ii]

10. Hyaluronic Acid for Teeth: Protecting Gums

Hyaluronic acid significantly protects and repairs gum tissue. It can keep gum tissue hydrated and enhance the barrier function of the gums, preventing bacteria and toxins from invading. Additionally, HA has excellent anti-inflammatory effects. It can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, alleviating gum inflammation and periodontal disease.

The ability of hyaluronic acid to promote wound healing plays a crucial role in accelerating the healing of oral injuries and post-surgical recovery. Therefore, after tooth extractions or implants, HA can speed up wound healing and reduce postoperative complications.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid’s multifaceted benefits span across various aspects of health and beauty, from maintaining skin hydration and enhancing facial contours to promoting joint and bone health. Its unique properties make it an invaluable component in medical treatments and cosmetic applications, improving overall quality of life. As research continues to uncover new potential uses, hyaluronic acid is set to remain a cornerstone of health and wellness.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of Sodium Hyaluronate Powder. We provide cosmetic-grade, food-grade, medical-grade, and injection-grade sodium hyaluronate powder. For more information about these materials, please check out our home page.

[i] Fig 4. Anatomy of the healthy and osteoarthritic knee joint. Created via canvas. Source: Smith, Abbi & Sigurbjörnsdóttir. (2022). Hedgehog signaling in bone and osteoarthritis: the role of Smoothened and cholesterol. The FEBS Journal. 290. 10.1111/febs.16440.

[ii] Jensen, G.; Holloway, J.L.; Stabenfeldt, S.E. Hyaluronic Acid Biomaterials for Central Nervous System Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2020, 9, 2113. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092113

The post Top 10 Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

In this blog, we’ll explore each supplement’s advantages, and how they work, helping you determine which might be best for your joint health needs.

Understanding Joint Pain and Degeneration

Before diving into the specifics of each supplement, it’s essential to understand why joint pain occurs. Joints are complex structures where two bones meet, cushioned by cartilage and synovial fluid. Over time, wear and tear, injury, or conditions like osteoarthritis can lead to the breakdown of cartilage and a reduction in synovial fluid, causing pain, stiffness, and inflammation.

Hyaluronic Acid: The Lubricant

What Is Hyaluronic Acid?

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring substance in the body’s connective tissues, including the skin and cartilage. It’s a major component of synovial fluid, which lubricates and cushions joints.

How Does HA Work?

HA works primarily by retaining water, which helps to keep tissues well-lubricated and cushioned. In the joints, HA can absorb shocks and reduce friction between the bones. This property makes it a valuable component for maintaining joint health.

Benefits of HA

• Lubrication: HA supplements can help replenish the synovial fluid in joints, improving lubrication and reducing pain during movement.
• Inflammation Reduction: HA has anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate joint swelling and pain.
• Pain Relief: Many users report reduced arthropathy pain and improved mobility with regular HA supplementation.

Fig 1. Anatomy of the healthy and osteoarthritic knee joint

Glucosamine: The Cartilage Builder

What Is Glucosamine?

Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar found in cartilage. It plays a crucial role in building and maintaining cartilage, the rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints. Strong scientific evidence supports the use of glucosamine sulfate for the treatment of mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Studies show glucosamine is often taken with chondroitin sulfate for better results.

How Does Glucosamine Work?

Glucosamine supplements are believed to support cartilage regeneration and repair. They provide the building blocks needed for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, essential components of cartilage.

Benefits of Glucosamine

• Cartilage Repair: Glucosamine can help rebuild and repair damaged cartilage, potentially reversing some of the effects of wear and tear.
• Pain Reduction: Many studies suggest that glucosamine can reduce arthropathy pain and improve function in people with osteoarthritis.
• Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Glucosamine may also have mild anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce joint swelling and discomfort.

Fig 2. Glucosamine relieves osteoarthritis of the knee

Chondroitin: The Shock Absorber

What Is Chondroitin?

Chondroitin is another naturally occurring substance found in cartilage. It helps retain water in the cartilage, providing elasticity and resistance to compression.

How Does Chondroitin Work?

Chondroitin supplements are thought to enhance the shock-absorbing properties of cartilage. By retaining water, chondroitin helps maintain the structural integrity and elasticity of the cartilage. And with the help of it, cartilage is resistant to stress and damage.

Benefits of Chondroitin

• Cartilage Protection: Chondroitin can help protect existing cartilage from breakdown and may even stimulate the production of new cartilage.
• Pain Relief: Many users experience reduced arthrosis pain and improved joint function with chondroitin supplements.
• Reduced Inflammation: Chondroitin also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate joint swelling and discomfort.

Fig 3. Chondroitin helps joints absorb shock

Which Is Best for Arthrosis?

Choosing the best supplement for arthrosis depends on your specific needs and circumstances. Here’s a comparison to help you decide:

Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is highly effective for immediate relief from arthrosis pain and significantly improves arthrosis lubrication. This makes it ideal for individuals experiencing significant joint degeneration or those seeking a quick and effective solution to their joint discomfort.

When the body’s natural levels of HA decrease due to age or joint disorders, supplementing with HA can restore joint fluidity, reduce pain, and enhance mobility. It is particularly beneficial for patients with advanced osteoarthritis, providing them with smoother joint movements and relief from chronic pain.

Glucosamine

Glucosamine is renowned for its long-term benefits in cartilage repair and maintenance. It is especially suitable for individuals with mild to moderate osteoarthritis who aim to prevent further cartilage degradation and support arthrosis health over time.

By supplementing with glucosamine, you provide your body with the necessary building blocks to repair damaged cartilage, maintain its structural integrity, and possibly slow the progression of joint degeneration. This makes it a valuable option for individuals looking to manage their joint health proactively and sustain long-term joint function and comfort.

Chondroitin

Chondroitin is most suitable for patients with mild to moderate wear of articular cartilage, where the cartilage’s morphology and structure remain largely intact. It is less effective for patients with severe or complete cartilage wear.

By supplementing with chondroitin, individuals can support the resilience of their cartilage, reduce joint pain, and potentially slow the progression of cartilage degradation. This makes it an excellent choice for those in the early to mid stages of osteoarthritis or other arthrosis-related conditions.

Combined Approach

Many healthcare professionals recommend a combination of these supplements to maximize joint health benefits. For example, glucosamine and chondroitin are often taken together to provide comprehensive support for cartilage repair and protection. Adding hyaluronic acid can enhance joint lubrication and further reduce pain and inflammation.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of sodium hyaluronate powder and various herbal extracts. We provide injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate powder, chondroitin, glucosamine, and other substances for relieving joint pain. For more information on these materials, please check our home page.

Conclusion

When it comes to choosing between hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, and chondroitin, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Each supplement offers unique benefits that can address different aspects of arthrosis health.

For immediate relief and improved lubrication, hyaluronic acid is a top choice. For long-term cartilage repair and maintenance, glucosamine is highly effective. The combination of glucosamine and chondroitin supports cartilage resilience and reduces inflammation.

The post Hyaluronic Acid VS. Glucosamine VS. Chondroitin: Which Is Best for Joints? appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide widely present in living organisms and plays a vital role in maintaining tissue health. In horses, HA not only has a significant impact on joint health, but also plays an important role in muscle and skin health. This article will elaborate on the many benefits of hyaluronic acid on horse health from the perspectives of horse joints, horse muscles and horse skin.

Hyaluronic Acid Benefits for Equine Joint Health

Anyone who owns horses knows that as horses age, joint problems often occur because of wear and tear. Hyaluronic acid is a key substance in treating joint diseases in horses. Because it has many benefits for the horse’s joints.

1. Joint lubrication

For horses, especially those involved in high-intensity sports such as horse racing and jumping, joint lubrication is crucial. Because good lubrication can ensure smooth joint movement and reduce wear caused by friction, thereby extending the service life of the joints.

Over time, the life of horse joints can be extended. It is worth mentioning that synovial fluid plays this lubrication role in the joint cavity. This substance reduces friction between cartilage and bone. And hyaluronic acid is the main component of this synovial fluid.

2. Buffering effect

Hyaluronic acid is highly viscoelastic, which allows it to act as a cushion in joints. During high-intensity exercise, equine joints bear tremendous impact. Hyaluronic acid reduces direct damage to joint structures by absorbing and dispersing these impact forces, thereby protecting joint cartilage and surrounding tissues.

3. Anti-inflammatory effect

Hyaluronic acid has natural anti-inflammatory properties. Arthritis is a common joint disease in horses that causes pain, swelling, and limited movement. Hyaluronic acid reduces the inflammatory response and relieves arthritis symptoms by inhibiting the activity of inflammatory mediators and enzymes. Not only does this help improve your horse’s mobility, but it also improves their quality of life.

4. Promote joint repair

Hyaluronic acid also plays an important role in promoting the proliferation and repair of chondrocytes. HA provides necessary nutrients and support to promote the regeneration of cartilage tissue, thereby repairing damaged joint structures. This is especially important for horses that have suffered joint injuries or suffer from chronic joint diseases.

Fig 1. Anatomy of the healthy and osteoarthritic knee joint[1]

Hyaluronic Acid Benefits for Horse Muscle Health

In addition to treating and preventing horse joint diseases, sodium hyaluronate is also very helpful in maintaining muscle healthy.

1. Increase muscle elasticity

Hyaluronic acid is not only found in joints but also plays an important role in muscle tissue. HA helps maintain muscle elasticity and flexibility, allowing muscles to better adapt to stretch and contraction during exercise. This is especially important for horses involved in high-intensity training and competition to reduce the risk of muscle strains and other sports injuries.

2. Relieve muscle pain

Horses often experience muscle soreness and fatigue after strenuous exercise. Hyaluronic acid helps relieve muscle pain and stiffness after exercise and speeds up the recovery process by promoting blood circulation and cell repair. This allows the horse to return to peak condition more quickly and be ready for the next training session or race.

3. Improve muscle metabolism

Hyaluronic acid helps improve the metabolic function of muscle cells and improves muscle endurance and strength. By optimizing the cellular environment and improving cellular energy utilization efficiency, hyaluronic acid allows horses to maintain efficient performance for longer during high-intensity exercise.

Fig 2. Horse muscular system[2]

Hyaluronic Acid Benefits for Horse Skin Health

Joints and muscles are two critical aspects of horse health. But the health of a horse’s skin is also deserved to pay attention. Healthy horse skin not only makes the horse more beautiful, but also effectively prevents many diseases. Hyaluronic acid has many properties that can be used to keep your horse’s skin healthy.

1. Moisturize and repair

Hyaluronic acid is widely known for its excellent moisturizing abilities. It absorbs and locks in thousands of times its own weight in water, thereby maintaining skin’s moisture and elasticity. For horses, especially in dry and hot environments, hyaluronic acid prevents dryness and cracking of the skin, keeping the skin healthy and shiny.

2. Promote wound healing

HA also plays an important role in promoting skin wound healing. It can accelerate the migration and proliferation of cells at the edge of the wound and promote the formation of new tissue, thus accelerating the wound healing process. This is particularly important for horses that have been injured during training or competition, reducing the risk of infection and healing time.

3. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial

HA also has certain anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It reduces skin inflammation and relieves redness, swelling and itching caused by allergies or infections. At the same time, it can also inhibit the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria and protect the skin from infection. This makes hyaluronic acid an effective skin care ingredient for a variety of skin concerns.

Fig 3. Horses with skin disease and healthy skin[3]

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid has a wide range of applications in maintaining horse health, offering improvements in joint health, muscles, and skin.

This compound is known for its ability to lubricate joints, making it a vital component in reducing inflammation and ensuring smooth joint movements. Additionally, it promotes muscle elasticity and metabolism, which is essential for horses’ overall performance and recovery. Hyaluronic acid also retains skin moisture and accelerates wound healing, keeping horses’ skin healthy and resilient. By providing comprehensive health support, hyaluronic acid helps in enhancing the quality of life and athletic performance of horses, making it a valuable addition to the care regimen for horse breeders and enthusiasts.

While hyaluronic acid offers numerous benefits, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects. Some horses may experience mild reactions such as swelling or discomfort at the injection site. In rare cases, allergic reactions may occur. It is crucial to consult with a veterinarian before starting any new treatment to ensure it is appropriate for your horse.

Understanding and rational use of hyaluronic acid can significantly improve horses’ well-being, making it a critical element in equine health management, whether in daily care or disease treatment.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is at the forefront of HA powder development. We offer injectable grade, food grade, cosmetic grade and medical grade sodium hyaluronate powder. For more information about these HAs, please check out our homepage.

Related articles:

Hyaluronic Acid: Relieves Equine Arthritis

[1] Fig 1. Anatomy of the healthy and osteoarthritic knee joint. Created via canvas. Source: Smith, Abbi & Sigurbjörnsdóttir. (2022). Hedgehog signaling in bone and osteoarthritis: the role of Smoothened and cholesterol. The FEBS Journal. 290. 10.1111/febs.16440.
[2] Fig 2. Horse muscular system. Source: http://www.equisearch.com/horses_care/health/illnesses_injuries/backpain_causes_070803/
[3] Fig 3. Horses with skin disease and healthy skin. Source: https://agsolutions.com.au/skin-coat-conditions/

The post What Are the Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid for Horse Health appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

Chondroitin sulfate is a crucial component in the realm of joint health and cartilage support. Cartilage is a connective tissue responsible for cushioning joints and enabling smooth movement. With this intricate structure, chondroitin sulfate plays a pivotal role in maintaining structural integrity and resilience.

Cartilage Support in the Joint [1]

Therefore, chondroitin sulfate is a subject of extensive research and is a popular supplement in managing joint-related conditions. This article is going to have a detailed discussion about its properties and uses. Hope that you can have a better understanding.

What Is Chondroitin Sulfate?

Structure of Chondroitin Sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG). GAG is a crucial component of cartilage, connective tissues, and various structural elements in the body. GAG’s structure and function contribute significantly to the maintenance of tissue integrity and elasticity.

• Molecular Composition: Chondroitin sulfate is a linear polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units. Each unit comprises N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid. They are linked together in a specific arrangement.
• Sulfation: The disaccharide units undergo sulfation at different positions. Such sulfation mainly happens at the 4th and/or 6th carbon of the N-acetylgalactosamine residue. The varying patterns of sulfation give rise to different types of chondroitin sulfate.
• Chain Length and Variants: Chondroitin sulfate chains can vary in length and sulfation patterns. So, we have diverse molecular weights and forms. This structural variability influences its biological functions.

Function of Chondroitin Sulfate

The function of chondroitin sulfate encompasses pivotal roles in maintaining joint health and supporting the structural integrity of cartilage. Here’s an in-depth look at its key functions:

• Cartilage Support: Chondroitin sulfate provides resilience and structural support to the tissue. It helps maintain the cartilage’s hydration by attracting and retaining water molecules within the extracellular matrix. It also contributes to its cushioning properties.
• Joint Health: In joints, chondroitin sulfate assists in resisting compressive forces and provides elasticity to the tissues. In these ways, it promotes joint mobility and function.
• Biological Functions: It interacts with various biological molecules and cellular receptors. It contributes to cell signaling processes, cell adhesion, and the regulation of inflammatory mediators. So, it can potentially influence tissue repair mechanisms and modulate inflammatory responses in joint health.
• Anti-inflammatory Properties: Chondroitin sulfate possesses mild anti-inflammatory effects. It may inhibit certain enzymes involved in cartilage breakdown and help alleviate joint discomfort associated with inflammatory processes.

Related reading: Chondroitin Sulfate: Your Natural Solution for Osteoarthritis Relief

Role in Cartilage Health and Joint Function

In the context of joint health, chondroitin sulfate plays multiple roles.

• Firstly, it helps inhibit the activity of enzymes that degrade cartilage components. Thereby, it largely slows down the breakdown of cartilage associated with conditions like osteoarthritis.
• Additionally, it aids in maintaining the elasticity and resilience of cartilage, facilitating smooth joint movement, and reducing friction between bones.
• Furthermore, chondroitin sulfate may reduce joint inflammation and associated discomfort.

Related reading: Substances and Supplements for Joint Health

How Is Chondroitin Sulfate Used for Cartilage Support?

Scientific Evidence and Clinical Applications

Clinical studies have provided insights into the potential efficacy of chondroitin sulfate in managing joint disorders, particularly osteoarthritis. Such research showcases its impact on joint health and function.

–Symptomatic Relief:

Numerous trials have evaluated the use of chondroitin sulfate supplements in individuals with osteoarthritis.

Research indicates that chondroitin sulfate can contribute to symptomatic relief, including reductions in joint pain, and stiffness, and improved joint mobility. These effects are often observed over extended periods of consistent use.

–Joint Structure and Function:

There are many more studies employing imaging techniques, such as MRI assessments and joint space measurements.

They have suggested that chondroitin sulfate may help preserve joint structure and slow down the progression of joint degradation in osteoarthritis patients. This implies a potential protective effect on cartilage and joint tissues.

–Combination Therapies:

Some clinical trials have explored the benefits of combining chondroitin sulfate with other joint health compounds, like glucosamine.

Findings suggest that the combination might provide enhanced symptomatic relief and functional improvements compared to individual components alone.

–Long-Term Effects:

Research examining the long-term use of chondroitin sulfate supplements indicates a sustained benefit in managing joint-related symptoms over extended periods.

Studies spanning several years have reported continued improvements in pain reduction and joint function. They emphasize its potential for long-term joint health management.

Supplementation and Recommendations

However, while numerous studies have shown promising results, the overall evidence remains somewhat mixed. Some trials have reported more modest effects, while others have shown significant benefits.

Factors such as study design, participant characteristics, dosage, and treatment duration contribute to varying outcomes. Therefore, it is essential for further research and larger-scale clinical trials to establish clearer guidelines for its use in joint disorder management.

Besides, individual responses to supplementation can vary, and it’s advisable to consult healthcare professionals for personalized recommendations, especially for those with existing medical conditions or taking other medications.

Future Directions and Conclusion

As research continues to evolve, the role of chondroitin sulfate in supporting cartilage health remains a subject of ongoing investigation.

Future studies seek to delve deeper into its mechanisms of action, optimal dosage, and potential synergistic effects with other compounds for enhanced joint support.

Conclusion

Overall, chondroitin sulfate is a valuable element in the maintenance of cartilage health and joint function. It offers promising avenues for managing joint-related conditions and enhancing overall mobility and well-being.

With a legacy spanning 16 years, Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) specializes in research, development, manufacturing, and sales of chondroitin sulfate. Our offerings include pharmaceutical-grade and food-grade chondroitin sulfate. These products come from sources such as bovine and shark cartilage. Explore our website to reach out with any inquiries or interest in our products.

Reference:

[1] Advanced Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Recent Progress and Future Directions – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Cartilage-tissue-component-and-its-types-in-the-human-body-B-main-layer-of-hyaline_fig2_356670479 [accessed 8 Jan, 2024]

The post Chondroitin Sulfate for Cartilage Support appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that can cause joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, significantly impacting the quality of life. While there is no cure for osteoarthritis, there are natural solutions available to manage its symptoms and improve joint health.

One such solution is chondroitin sulfate (CS), a natural compound that has shown promise in providing relief for osteoarthritis. In this article, we will explore the benefits of chondroitin sulfate for osteoarthritis relief.

Chemical Structure of CS [1]

Understanding Osteoarthritis

Before delving into the advantages of chondroitin sulfate, it is essential to understand osteoarthritis and its impact on joint health.

Osteoarthritis happens when the cushioning cartilage wears down over time, leading to joint pain, inflammation, and stiffness. Factors such as age, genetics, obesity, and joint injuries can contribute to its development and progression.

Osteoarthritis [2]

How Chondroitin Sulfate Works

Chondroitin sulfate is a compound that naturally occurs in the cartilage and connective tissues of the body. It plays a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity of the cartilage and promoting its hydration. When taken as a dietary supplement, CS offers several benefits for individuals with osteoarthritis.

1. Promotes Cartilage Health:

CS supports cartilage health by stimulating the production of proteoglycans. The two main components of connective tissue are collagen and proteoglycans. The former is a strong fibrous protein that physically binds our tissues together, while proteoglycans are large, carbohydrate-rich structures. Both of them link together to provide elasticity, load distribution, shock absorption, and lubrication properties to connective tissues and joints.

Consequently, CS enhances cartilage health and helps reduce joint pain and improve joint function.

2. Reduces Inflammation:

Inflammation is a key contributor to joint pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis. CS exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation within the joints and alleviate associated symptoms. By reducing inflammation, it supports joint comfort and mobility.

3. Protects Joint Tissues:

CS acts as a protective agent for joint tissues. It helps inhibit the enzymes responsible for breaking down cartilage, thus slowing down the progression of osteoarthritis. By preserving joint tissues, chondroitin sulfate promotes long-term joint health and prevents further damage.

Related reading: What Are the Benefits of Chondroitin Sulfate?

Clinical Evidence and Studies

Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of CS in managing osteoarthritis symptoms. These studies have consistently shown positive results, demonstrating the potential of chondroitin sulfate as a natural solution for osteoarthritis relief.

A meta-analysis of several clinical trials concluded that chondroitin sulfate supplementation can significantly reduce joint pain and improve joint function in individuals with osteoarthritis. The analysis also highlighted its safety and tolerability as a long-term treatment option. [3]

Incorporating Chondroitin Sulfate into Your Routine

If you are considering incorporating CS into your osteoarthritis management plan, consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended to determine the appropriate dosage for your specific needs. They can help assess your condition and provide personalized guidance on incorporating chondroitin sulfate into your routine.

It is important to note that CS is not a quick fix and may take time to show its full effects. Consistency in supplementation is key, and it should be taken along with a comprehensive approach that includes regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and other lifestyle modifications.

Related reading: Does Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) Treat Arthritis and Help with Inflammation?

Conclusion

CS offers a natural solution for individuals seeking relief from the symptoms of osteoarthritis. By promoting cartilage health, reducing inflammation, and protecting joint tissues, chondroitin sulfate can help improve joint function, alleviate pain, and enhance the overall quality of life. Consider incorporating it into your osteoarthritis management plan and consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance. Embrace the power of chondroitin sulfate as your natural solution for osteoarthritis relief.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) has over 16 years of experience in the R&D, manufacturing, and sales of chondroitin sulfate. Both pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate and food-grade chondroitin sulfate obtained from bovine, shark cartilage, etc. are available on our website. Send us an inquiry if you are interested.

Reference:

[1] Chondroitin Sulfate. (2023, May 24). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroitin_sulfate

[2] Yao, Q., Wu, X., Tao, C. et al. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Sig Transduct Target Ther 8, 56 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01330-w.

[3] Henrotin Y, Mathy M, Sanchez C, Lambert C. Chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: from in vitro studies to clinical recommendations. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2010 Dec;2(6):335-48. doi: 10.1177/1759720X10383076. PMID: 22870459; PMCID: PMC3383492.

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When it comes to maintaining healthy joints and promoting overall joint wellness, a holistic approach is the key. This includes incorporating regular exercise, a balanced diet, and other lifestyle factors in your daily routine. Additionally, taking natural supplements, such as chondroitin sulfate, can provide valuable support for joint wellness and comfort. In this article, we will explore the benefits of chondroitin sulfate and how it can contribute to your overall joint health.

Osteoarthritis

Understanding Chondroitin Sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate, or CS, is a natural substance that is largely found in the human body. It is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan containing numerous sugar chains. Commercial CS is derived from shark and cow cartilage and is commonly available as a dietary supplement.

This type of supplement is commonly used to relieve the pain of various joint diseases and offer comfort to patients. That’s because CS is a complex carbohydrate that plays an essential role in the structure and function of cartilage, the flexible tissue that cushions our joints. As a key component of the extracellular matrix, chondroitin sulfate provides support, elasticity, and shock absorption to the cartilage. You can find a detailed explanation in the following section.

Chemical Structure of CS [1]

Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate on Joint Health

Chondroitin sulfate is extensively employed for joint health for the following reasons.

–Promoting Cartilage Health and Integrity

First, the primary benefit of chondroitin sulfate is its ability to promote cartilage health and integrity.

Cartilage acts as a protective cushion between the bones in our joints, allowing for smooth movement and reducing friction. Yet, it can deteriorate due to aging, wear and tear, and certain medical conditions.

Chondroitin sulfate can make up for that condition by promoting the production of proteoglycans, which are essential components of cartilage. Proteoglycans help retain water and maintain the structure of cartilage, allowing it to absorb shocks and withstand compression.

–Reducing Joint Inflammation

Second, chondroitin sulfate could reduce the inflammation of impaired joints and improve joint comfort and overall joint wellness.

Inflammation is a common factor in many joint conditions, including osteoarthritis. It can lead to swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility to some extent.

Chondroitin sulfate acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the production of inflammatory molecules and enzymes. This can help reduce inflammation in the joints and alleviate associated pain and discomfort.

–Preserving Joint Function and Mobility

Additionally, chondroitin sulfate offers the potential to preserve joint function and support mobility. It can help slow down the progression of joint damage by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for cartilage breakdown, and it provides the building blocks to make new cartilage as well.

By protecting the existing cartilage and promoting the synthesis of new cartilage, chondroitin sulfate contributes to maintaining joint function and supporting optimal mobility.

Incorporating Chondroitin Sulfate into Your Routine

Taking chondroitin sulfate supplement plays an important role in your routine as a part of the holistic approach to joint wellness and comfort.

When it comes to dosage for chondroitin sulfate, it is suggested that adults could take 800-1200 mg daily by mouth for up to 2 years, while it is considered likely safe when used for up to 6 years [2].  Please consult with a healthcare professional if you have any other medical conditions.

It should be noted that taking chondroitin sulfate may cause some side effects, such as abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation. Besides, do not take this dietary supplement if you are pregnant or nursing. People with asthma should not use chondroitin sulfate either, as it may worsen symptoms.

Last but not least, remember that chondroitin sulfate is most effective when used as part of a holistic approach to joint wellness. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients, and protecting your joints from excessive strain are all crucial aspects of a comprehensive joint care routine.

Conclusion

By promoting cartilage health, reducing inflammation, and preserving joint function, chondroitin sulfate supports overall joint health and mobility. Incorporating chondroitin sulfate into your routine, along with healthy lifestyle habits, can contribute to long-term joint wellness. Embrace the power of chondroitin sulfate and take a proactive approach to support your joints for a more comfortable and active life.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a reliable supplier of quality chondroitin sulfate and alternative supplements. Please check our homepage for more information.

Reference:

[1] Henrotin Y, Mathy M, Sanchez C, Lambert C. Chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: from in vitro studies to clinical recommendations. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2010 Dec;2(6):335-48. doi: 10.1177/1759720X10383076. PMID: 22870459; PMCID: PMC3383492.

[2] WebMD (n.d.). Chondroitin Sulfate – Uses, Side Effects, And More. https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-744/chondroitin-sulfate

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Chondroitin sulfate (abbreviated CS) is a natural chemical compound that is commonly found in the human body. It is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan and contains a complex sugar chain. There is a large amount of chondroitin sulfate present in the connective tissues of the human body, such as cartilage, bone, and tendons. You can also find large-scale artificial chondroitin sulfate made from animal cartilage.

Chondroitin Sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate is a common dietary supplement used to treat joint diseases. For one thing, human bodies require abundant CS to maintain healthy cartilage and bones. Our bones and cartilage would lose their resistance and elasticity if we do not acquire enough chondroitin. For another, CS concentration could promote cell growth and matrix regeneration, which assists to alleviate cartilage damage as well.

Chondroitin Sulfate for Osteoarthritis

Let’s discuss the effect of chondroitin sulfate on joint diseases with the specific case of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritis. As a major cause of pain and disability, OA is regarded as a type of chronic cancer. Millions of US people have been dogged by such illness, and countless money was wasted on the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis

Luckily, chondroitin sulfate and other dietary supplements offer therapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis. With CA supplements, those people suffering from osteoarthritis would no longer be bothered by pain, swelling, and stiffness. Chondroitin sulfate would also relieve their symptoms with its anti-inflammatory effects.

Chondroitin sulfate could be used in the treatment of cataracts as well. FDA approved to employ chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate together for protection in cataract surgery. All these ingredients are applied to keep joints and cartilage healthy.

Chondroitin Sulfate: Safety and Dosage

Chondroitin sulfate is rather safe to take since it has been sold for medicinal purposes for over 40 years. And you could find thousands of positive reviews of such supplements. However, please remember to follow the instructions below.

• Dosage

An adult takes 800 to 1200 mg every day for up to 2 years. It takes weeks to see the effect of chondroitin sulfate, but you’d better take the supplement less than 6 years. If you are going to get a larger amount of CS or take it for a longer time, ask your healthcare adviser in advance.

• Precaution

Do not take this supplement if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. If you have asthma, do not use chondroitin sulfate since it might make your case worse. Employ CS cautiously to avoid side effects like stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation.

Which Is Better, Glucosamine or Chondroitin?

Chondroitin sulfate has many alternatives. Glucosamine is one of them. It takes the form of sulfate or hydrochloride. It is a natural monosaccharide that can be found in the synovial fluid and other joint structures of the human body, while chondroitin generally appears in human cartilage and bones.

As for medical functions, glucosamine serves as a relief to joint issues as well. It could promote the production of proteoglycan, which is an important component of the cartilage matrix. Besides, glucosamine also prevents the production of free radicals in injured cells, and the human body absorbs glucosamine supplements easily. In a word, glucosamine is also of great help for those with osteoarthritis.

There are many more options to reduce joint pain. You can glucosamine, vitamins, calcium supplements, SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine), and MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane). Do more physical exercise if allowed. Take surgery if other treatments do not work.

Related reading: What is the Difference Between Glucosamine Sulfate And Chondroitin Sulfate?

Conclusion

Chondroitin sulfate is a natural substance found in human cartilage that is used to alleviate osteoarthritis and other joint illnesses. Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a leading supplier of quality chondroitin sulfate and related products. Send us an inquiry if you are interested.

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Symptoms of Arthritis may include lingering joint pain, stiffness of the joint, that is, experiencing difficulty in moving the joints, swelling or inflammation around the joints, redness of the joint, and a decrease in the range of motion of affected joints (s). Various reports have posited that there is no cure for arthritis, however, in recent times, there has been improvement in treatment and maintenance for many types of arthritis as early treatment of arthritis turns out positive. It is clear from the foregoing that there are treatments that can help one manage Arthritis as a condition. However, these treatment plans also depend on how severe the damage caused is, the signs and symptoms, and the underlining health condition of the patient.

Over the years, arthritis has been treated and maintained by using various means to reduce pain, stiffness, and inflammation. The popular medications used to treat arthritis include Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, Counterirritants, Steroids, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), Supplements such as Glucosamine (Glucosamine hydrochloride and Glucosamine Sulfate), Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), Chondroitin Sulfate, Therapy and Surgery for Joint Repair, Joint Replacement or Joint Fusion.

Glucosamine, MSM, and Chondroitin are known options used in the treatment of arthritis. They are natural chemical compounds and they are also synthetically manufactured in the form of supplements. These compounds, Glucosamine and Chondroitin are found in healthy cartilages, that is, the connective tissue that pads and cushions joints while MSM is found in foods such as meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, and grains. Glucosamine and Chondroitin have proven to help in battling or maintaining arthritis as they seem to protect the chondrocytes, a cell that helps to maintain the cartilage structure and is crucial for the process of endochondral ossification which is useful for bone development. Studies have also shown that these chemical compounds and supplements have the potentials to slow cartilage deterioration in the joints, and also help to reduce pain in the process.

Glucosamine is a product of cellular glucose metabolism and it is popularly classified into two main types to wit; Glucosamine Sulfate and Glucosamine Hydrochloride. The major difference between the two is that the Glucosamine Sulfate is not as concentrated as the Glucosamine Hydrochloride and more so, the Glucosamine Hydrochloride does not contain the sulfur content required for rebuilding and repairing cartilage while the Glucosamine Sulfate does. However, they both function as the primary building block for proteoglycans, large molecules in cartilage that gives cartilage its cushioning attributes to the joints. They are also easily absorbed into the body system after consumption or application. The glucosamine sulfate is not, but in a way similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as it also has a unique anti-inflammatory effect in fact, experiments have it that the glucosamine sulfate may help break down cartilages associated with arthritis and more so, has potential in building up the cartilages. This supplement has been shown to help maintain the cartilage structure from the rapid deterioration of the affected joint and other joints and subsequently reduce pain and stiffness. Glucosamine sulfate has been reported to be effective and efficient and has a major impact on maintaining arthritis as it provides some pain relief reduces inflammation, demonstrates a protective effect, rebuilding and repairs cartilage.

Another supplement used in mitigating the effect of Arthritis is Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and its composing compounds could be found in dietary sources such as fresh fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, meat, fish, and grains. Research has shown that MSM not only reduces inflammation by increasing the glutathione level in the body, but it also protects the cartilage from degradation as it is apparent that it contains the sulfur element which helps rebuild and repair worn cartilage. MSM has proven its effectiveness by decreasing joint pain, enabling speed recovery by reducing muscle damage and stress, relieving allergy symptoms, and boosting overall body immunity.

Furthermore, the Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan and also a natural cartilage component. It is alleged to help in the formation of the hyaline cartilage which is a connective tissue that pads and cushions joints. Chondroitin sulfate is a larger molecule that is found in the cartilage and it is mostly used orally in supplements form with other supplements such as Glucosamine Sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis. When it is taken as a supplement, Chondroitin Sulfate increases the synthesis and fusion of various cartilage components to prevent the cartilage from degenerating or breaking down. Chondroitin Sulfate is usually derived from bovine, porcine, chicken, or fish cartilage sourced by extraction and purification procedures. In fact, Chondroitin Sulfate is one of the building blocks of the cartilage and it also helps to slow the wear and tear of the cartilage breaking down. Chondroitin Sulfate also reduces the activities of enzymes and substances that break down collagen in joints that cause osteoarthritis and it also has several anti-inflammatory properties.

In conclusion, these supplements, Glucosamine, both Glucosamine Hydrochloride and Glucosamine Sulfate, Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), and Chondroitin Sulfate are all impactful and effective supplements in treating Arthritis. The fact is that they are not NSAIDs nor are they DMARDs, however, they are effective and efficient in reducing and mitigating the pain associated with Arthritis. They provide an anti-inflammatory impact and most importantly, they help in rebuilding and repairing worn-out cartilage to protect the joint from negligible wearing and tearing of cartilage which may lead to or cause arthritis.

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What is glucosamine?

Glucosamine, a natural monosaccharide, is the precursor of proteoglycan synthesis in the articular cartilage matrix. It can stimulate chondrocytes to produce proteoglycan, an important component of the cartilage matrix, which is essential for the biological metabolism of chondrocytes. Glucosamine is an endogenous aminoglycan. Human synovial fluid contains natural glucosamine, which is necessary for the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in synovial fluid, ligaments, and other joint structures.

Role of Glucosamine

Glucosamine can maintain the shape and function of cartilage, improve the repairability of chondrocytes, and inhibit the enzymes that damage the articular cartilage.

It can also prevent the production of superoxide free radicals in injured cells.

Promote the repair and reconstruction of the cartilage matrix, thereby alleviating bone and joint pain, improving joint function, and delaying the development of the disease.

Glucosamine is more likely to bind to water in articular cartilage, maintaining the function of lubrication and buffer pressure in the articular cavity. After middle age (i.e. 45 years old), the amount of glucosamine produced by the human body decreases sharply, and the joint synovial fluid becomes thinner, resulting in worsening cartilage wear and joint pain, and other symptoms.

The effect of glucosamine on arthritis

The development of glucosamine drugs for the treatment of OA in recent 10 years or so can prevent or slow down the pathological process of osteoarthritis and inhibit the related factors causing tissue damage and articular cartilage degeneration. Anti-inflammatory drugs can only improve the symptoms of osteoarthritis, and the synthesized glucosamine sulfate can also control the development of symptoms, which is conducive to cartilage repair. Many clinical trials on glucosamine suggest that this drug can improve the symptoms of osteoarthritis patients and protect articular cartilage. It is an ideal drug for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Medical experts have done a lot of research on glucosamine, which has very high safety and reliability. Oral administration of this drug is enough.

Large-scale clinical trials and drug use after the market showed that glucosamine was safe and had no obvious adverse reactions. In Europe, it has been used as a prescription or over-the-counter drug in the treatment of OA for more than 20 years and is recommended as a slow-acting drug to alleviate the symptoms of OA. In the United States, it is mainly used as a dietary supplement for OA.

Chondroitin Sulfate in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Chondroitin sulfate, as an important component of cartilage, is a glycosaminoglycan. Its physiological function is mainly embodied in the form of protein complexes. It is the main component of the extracellular matrix and connective tissue. It plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of cartilage and endows cartilage with the functions of compression resistance and lubrication.

Joint benefits of chondroitin sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate is a common protective agent for articular cartilage, which has obvious cartilage affinity. It can preferentially enter cartilage tissue to protect cartilage and promote the formation of new cartilage tissue. Oral chondroitin can supplement the structure of joint soft tissue, and increase the secretion of joint fluid and the concentration of hyaluronic acid, the lubricant between joints. Joint synovial fluid in the articular cavity can provide a cushioning effect, and ease the impact and friction during the action. Chondroitin can inhale water into proteoglycan molecules and can combine water molecules to lubricate and support joints, make joints move freely, increase the amount of synovial fluid in joints, make cartilage thicker, alleviate arthritis pain, and protect the joint. Save and prevent the development of the disease.

The International Society for Osteoarthropathy Guidelines Update (2010) clearly indicates that chondroitin sulfate has a moderate effect on pain relief. In patients treated with chondroitin sulfate, the rate of development of knee joint space stenosis was significantly slower than that in the control group.

Study on the Combination of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate

The cartilage protective effect of glucan and chondroitin sulfate is also reflected in the ability of synovium to produce hyaluronic acid. The normal hyaluronic acid level in the articular cavity can reduce cartilage surface degeneration and alleviate the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Indirect anti-inflammatory effect, which is different from the mechanism of NSAIDs, but the combination of these two drugs can play a synergistic role, reduce the dosage of NSAIDs and reduce side effects.

In the past decades, a lot of studies have been done on the efficacy of oral chondroitin sulfate intake or combined intake, which has proved to be effective in relieving pain and symptomatic repair of degenerated articular cartilage. At the same time, its safety and tolerance are very good.

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