Fisetin (C₁₅H₁₀O₆) is a natural flavonoid compound. It can be extracted from the lacquer tree and is widely found in vegetables and fruits such as strawberries, apples, onions, and cucumbers. Fisetin is a yellow crystalline powder that is nearly insoluble in water but easily soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, and acetic acid.

It is also a high-molecular pharmaceutical raw material with diverse uses. It can be utilized in the development of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer drugs, as well as serving as an antioxidant and immune booster. What’s more, it is used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties.

Table 1. Physicochemical Properties of Fisetin

1. Antioxidant: The Mighty Guardian Against Oxidation

It boasts strong antioxidant capabilities, offering numerous benefits.

–Fisetin Benefits in Antioxidant

Fisetin neutralizes free radicals and reduces oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. Studies show it enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body, lowering oxidative stress levels and protecting cells from oxidative damage.

–Applications Based on Antioxidant Properties:

Fisetin’s potent antioxidant capacity holds vast potential in pharmaceuticals, health supplements, cosmetics, and the food industry.

• Drug Development: Used in the development of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective drugs.
• Dietary Supplements: Acts as an antioxidant and immune booster, enhancing immunity and delaying aging.
• Anti-Aging Products: Incorporated into anti-aging and antioxidant skincare products to protect the skin from free radical damage.
• Natural Antioxidant: Used as a food additive to extend shelf life and maintain freshness.

2. Anti-Inflammatory: Relieving Inflammation Troubles

Fisetin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects, making it a potential candidate for novel anti-inflammatory drugs.

–How Fisetin Fights Inflammation

Fisetin primarily modulates multiple inflammation-related signaling pathways and molecules:

• Inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6).
• Suppresses NF-κB activation, reducing its translocation to the nucleus and lowering the expression of inflammation-related genes.
• Inhibits MAPK signaling pathways (e.g., ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK), reducing the production and release of inflammatory mediators.
• Suppresses the activation of immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils, decreasing their release of inflammatory mediators.

–Applications Based on Anti-Inflammatory Effects:

Fisetin shows significant value in treating inflammation-related diseases, managing chronic inflammation, and developing anti-inflammatory products. It alleviates inflammatory responses, reducing pain and discomfort. Currently, it is a common ingredient in anti-inflammatory and pain-relief medications and offers potential for treating arthritis, neuroinflammation, and cardiovascular inflammation.[1]

3. Memory Enhancement: The Brain’s Natural Booster

Research shows that fisetin improves memory and cognitive function in aging animals.

–Why Does Fisetin Enhance Memory

Fisetin offers multifaceted benefits for the brain and memory. Its antioxidant properties protect the brain from oxidative damage. Like other flavonoids, it increases glutathione (GSH) levels in brain cells. Glutathione is a critical antioxidant vital for brain cell function and health, and its levels directly impact antioxidant capacity, inflammation response, detoxification, and overall brain health.

Additionally, fisetin promotes the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a substance that supports neuron survival, growth, and synaptic plasticity. Elevated BDNF levels enhance learning and memory. Fisetin also modulates multiple memory-related signaling pathways, such as regulating NMDA receptor activity to promote synaptic plasticity, thereby improving memory. Furthermore, it enhances mitochondrial energy metabolism, ensuring sufficient energy supply for brain cells and supporting normal brain function.

–Applications for Memory Enhancement:

• Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment: Improves memory and cognition, slowing disease progression in conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
• Brain Injury Repair: Promotes neural repair and functional recovery post-injury through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Memory-Boosting Supplements: Dietary supplements to enhance memory and focus in the elderly, students, and professionals.
• Functional Foods: Beverages and snacks that help consumers incorporate fisetin into their daily diet for improved memory.

4. Antibacterial: A Natural Antimicrobial Powerhouse

Fisetin effectively inhibits the growth of various bacteria, disrupts bacterial cell structures, and reduces infection risks.

–Fisetin Benefits in Antimicrobial

Fisetin inhibits multiple bacteria and fungi, including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also prevents bacterial biofilm formation, reducing bacterial attachment and proliferation, thereby lowering infection risks.

Antimicrobial Mechanisms:

• Disrupts bacterial cell membrane integrity, causing cell content leakage and bacterial death.
• Inhibits key bacterial enzyme activity, interfering with metabolic processes and bacterial growth.
• Disrupts bacterial DNA replication, inhibiting bacterial proliferation.

–Applications Based on Antimicrobial Effects:

Fisetin holds vast potential in natural preservatives and anti-infection products.

• Antimicrobial Drug Development: A candidate molecule for novel antibacterial and antifungal drugs.
• Antimicrobial Skincare: Used in skincare products to prevent and treat skin infections like acne and fungal infections.
• Natural Preservative: Extends the shelf life of food products.

5. Anticancer: Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Spread

Fisetin offers multiple benefits in cancer prevention and treatment.

–Benefits of Fisetin in Anticancer

Fisetin reduces cancer risk by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways, thereby lowering oxidative damage and inflammation. It activates apoptosis pathways, inducing programmed cell death in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Fisetin also inhibits VEGF and related signaling pathways, reducing tumor angiogenesis and limiting tumor growth and spread. It synergizes with chemotherapy drugs, enhancing anticancer effects and reducing side effects.

–Applications Based on Anticancer Effects

• Adjuvant Cancer Therapy: Used alongside chemotherapy or radiotherapy to reduce tumor recurrence.
• Cancer Prevention: Daily intake through diet or supplements helps lower cancer risk.

6. Anti-Aging: Revitalizing Youthful Skin

Fisetin helps maintain youthful and healthy skin.

–Fisetin Benefits for Skin

Fisetin delays skin aging through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, collagen synthesis promotion, barrier function enhancement, and cellular repair. It neutralizes free radicals, protects skin cells from damage, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release, stimulates collagen production, and enhances skin barrier function to reduce moisture loss.

–Applications Based on Anti-Aging Effects:

Fisetin is widely used in anti-aging skincare, repair products, and sunscreens.

• Anti-Aging Skincare: Reduces fine lines and wrinkles, improving skin elasticity.
• Repair Products: Repairs skin damage caused by UV rays and pollution.
• Sunscreen Additive: Enhances UV protection in sunscreens.

7. Promoting Hair Growth

In vitro and animal studies show that fisetin significantly promotes hair follicle cell proliferation and extends the hair growth phase (Anagen).

–Fisetin Benefits for Hair

Fisetin creates a healthy environment for hair growth through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It promotes hair follicle stem cell proliferation and differentiation, extends the Anagen phase, and accelerates hair growth. Additionally, it improves blood circulation to the scalp, enhancing nutrient supply to hair follicles. Fisetin also inhibits 5-α reductase activity, reducing DHT production and preventing androgenetic alopecia.

–Applications Based on Hair Care Effects

• Topical Products: Added to shampoos, conditioners, scalp serums, and hair masks to promote hair growth.
• Oral Supplements: Improves scalp health and promotes hair growth from within.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a premium supplier of hyaluronic acid and herbal extracts. We offer fisetin and pure hyaluronic acid powder (medical-grade, food-grade, cosmetic-grade, injection-grade, and eye-drop-grade). For more information on these products or specific applications, please contact us and visit our homepage.

[1] Pal HC, Pearlman RL, Afaq F. Fisetin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;928:213-244. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_10. PMID: 27671819.

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Solubility of Sodium Hyaluronate

The solubility of sodium hyaluronate is the foundation of its application. Solubility not only affects its dispersibility in different solutions but also directly influences its bioavailability and efficacy. The solubility is influenced by various factors, including solvent type, temperature, pH, and the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid.

–How Long Does It Take for Sodium Hyaluronate to Dissolve

The solubility of sodium hyaluronate varies in different solvents. In water, it can dissolve quickly, forming a transparent and viscous solution. In glycerol, its solubility is moderate, though not as high as in water. This is why glycerol and hyaluronic acid are often found together in cosmetics. In ethanol, the solubility of hyaluronic acid is low, and it usually requires mixing with other solvents. In acetone, sodium hyaluronate is almost insoluble and is generally not used in such solvents.

Table 1. A comparison of the solubility of sodium hyaluronate in different solvents:

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of sodium hyaluronate powder. We provide customers with high-purity, non-animal-derived, non-GMO hyaluronic acid powder (including food grade, cosmetic grade, injection grade, medical grade, eye drop grade, cross-linked gel). Enjoy bulk purchase discounts and contract pricing.

• SDS of Sodium Hyaluronate
• Sodium Hyaluronate production flow chart

–How to Dissolve Sodium Hyaluronate Quickly

In addition to solvent type, several factors influence the solubility of sodium hyaluronate. A previous article discussed this topic in detail. If interested, you can click to read: Solubility of Hyaluronic Acid in Different Solvents and Its Influencing Factors

To accelerate dissolution, the following methods are commonly used:

• Stirring: Mechanical stirring can speed up the dispersion and dissolution of HA in water. The stirring speed and duration significantly affect the dissolution efficiency.
• Heating: Moderate heating (usually not exceeding 60°C) can increase the dissolution rate, but care must be taken to avoid degradation caused by high temperatures. Temperature should be controlled, and prolonged high-temperature treatment should be avoided.
• Premixing: Premixing sodium hyaluronate with a small amount of glycerol or ethanol before diluting with water can improve dissolution efficiency. This method is particularly suitable for preparing high-concentration sodium hyaluronate solutions.

Viscosity of Sodium Hyaluronate

Viscosity is one of the important physical properties of sodium hyaluronate, directly affecting its application in cosmetics and medicine.

–How Viscosity Affects the Efficacy of Sodium Hyaluronate

The viscosity of hyaluronic acid is closely related to its molecular weight. High-viscosity hyaluronic acid forms a protective film on the skin surface, effectively locking in moisture, while low-viscosity sodium hyaluronate penetrates deeper into the skin, providing deep hydration. Viscosity also affects the flowability and distribution uniformity of sodium hyaluronate during injection or application.

–What Factors Affect the Viscosity of HA

Molecular weight, concentration, temperature, pH value.

Higher molecular weight results in higher viscosity. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid has longer molecular chains and stronger intermolecular interactions, leading to higher viscosity.

Higher concentration leads to higher viscosity. In high-concentration sodium hyaluronate solutions, molecules are closer together, resulting in stronger interactions and increased viscosity.

Higher temperatures reduce viscosity. Increased molecular motion at high temperatures weakens intermolecular interactions, causing a decrease in viscosity.

Hyaluronic acid exhibits the most stable viscosity within a pH range of 6-8. Under acidic or alkaline conditions, sodium hyaluronate molecules may undergo hydrolysis or cross-linking, leading to changes in viscosity.

Fig 2. Relationship between the relative viscosity of LMW-HA/HMW-HA aqueous solutions and the HMW-HA content.[1]

Stability of Sodium Hyaluronate

The stability of sodium hyaluronate is another critical factor in its application. Stability not only affects its storage and shelf life but also influences the durability of its efficacy.

The Impact of Temperature on Stability

Hyaluronic acid is prone to degradation at high temperatures, so high-temperature environments should be avoided during storage and use. Typically, sodium hyaluronate is most stable within a temperature range of 4°C to 25°C.

The Impact of pH on Stability

Hyaluronic acid is susceptible to hydrolysis in acidic or alkaline environments, leading to molecular chain breakage. Therefore, maintaining the pH of sodium hyaluronate solutions within the range of 6-8 is crucial for ensuring stability.

The Impact of Light and Oxidation on Stability

Hyaluronic acid is prone to degradation under light and oxidative conditions. Therefore, it should be stored away from light, and antioxidants should be added to extend its stability.

Read more: How to Maintain the Stability of Hyaluronic Acid Products

Table 2 below is a comparison of the stability of HA under different conditions:

[1] Saitarly, Svetlana & Pushkarev, Yuriy & Nesterkina, Mariia & Ozturk, Serhat & Salih, Bekir & Kravchenko, Iryna. (2021). Rheological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Diluted Solutions as Components of Cosmetics. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 12. 1907-1915. 10.33263/BRIAC122.19071915.

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Hyaluronic acid and ceramides are undoubtedly two of the most popular ingredients in the hydration and moisture retention domain. One is a classic ingredient hailed as the “king of hydration,” while the other is a “repair sensation” that has gained popularity in recent years. So, what exactly are the differences between these two ingredients?

Hyaluronic Acid: The “Evergreen Tree” of Hydration

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide in the human body, especially abundant in the skin, joints, and eyes. Its most notable feature is its ability to absorb and retain a large amount of moisture, making its moisturizing capacity truly “powerful”—1 gram of hyaluronic acid can absorb up to 1000 grams of water, thus earning the title of “natural moisturizing factor”.

–Mechanism of Action of Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid works by forming a moisturizing film on the surface of skin, helping to lock in moisture. At the same time, it absorbs water from the environment, keeping the skin hydrated. Depending on its molecular weight, it operates at different skin layers:

• High-Molecular-Weight HA: Remains on the skin’s surface, forming a protective barrier to prevent moisture evaporation.
• Low-Molecular-Weight HA: Penetrates deep into the skin, providing internal hydration and increasing the skin’s moisture content.

Fig 1. Difference between high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid

–Advantages of Hyaluronic Acid

HA provides immediate hydration effects. After using products containing hyaluronic acid, the skin instantly feels plump and hydrated, with a significant reduction in dryness. It is suitable for all skin types, whether dry, oily, or combination.

In addition to hydration and moisture retention, HA also has anti-aging benefits. This is because adequate moisture makes the skin appear firmer and can reduce the appearance of fine lines and dry wrinkles.

However, hyaluronic acid also has its limitations. It primarily focuses on hydration and has limited effects on repairing the skin barrier or improving sensitivity issues. If your skin barrier is already damaged, relying solely on hyaluronic acid may not fundamentally resolve the problem.

Ceramides: The “Newcomer Sensation” in Repair

Ceramides are lipids found in the intercellular spaces of the skin’s epidermal cells, constituting approximately 50% of the total intercellular lipids[i]. They are a crucial component of the skin barrier, acting like “cement” to tightly connect skin cells, preventing moisture loss and the intrusion of external irritants.

Fig 2. It accounts for about 50%

–Mechanism of Action of Ceramides

Unlike hyaluronic acid, the primary function of ceramides is not hydration but the repair and strengthening of the skin barrier. When the skin barrier is compromised, moisture loss accelerates, and the skin becomes dry, sensitive, and may even develop inflammation. Ceramides replenish the lost lipids in the skin, repair barrier function, thereby locking in moisture and improving the overall health.

–Advantages of Ceramides

For barrier damage caused by excessive cleansing, environmental stressors, or improper skincare, ceramides can effectively repair and restore the skin’s healthy state. Although ceramides do not directly hydrate, they provide moisture retention. By repairing the barrier, ceramides fundamentally reduce moisture loss, offering long-lasting hydration effects.

While ceramides excel in repair and moisture retention, their hydration effects are not as direct as those of hyaluronic acid. If your skin is only temporarily dehydrated without barrier damage, ceramides may not be as noticeably effective as hyaluronic acid.

Hyaluronic Acid vs. Ceramides: How to Choose

Since hyaluronic acid and ceramides each have their strengths, how do you choose the right ingredient for yourself? In fact, these two ingredients are not mutually exclusive but can complement each other.

–When to Use Hyaluronic Acid

• When the skin is temporarily dehydrated and needs quick hydration.
• When the skin is in a healthy state and only requires daily moisturization.
• When you want the skin to appear more plump and radiant.

–When to Use Ceramides

• When the skin barrier is damaged, leading to dryness, peeling, sensitivity, and other issues.
• When frequently exposed to dry environments, resulting in significant moisture loss.
• When you aim to fundamentally improve the skin’s moisture retention capability.

–Optimal Combination Strategy

For most people, combining hyaluronic acid and ceramides may be the best choice. Hyaluronic acid provides rapid hydration, while ceramides repair the barrier and lock in moisture. Together, they achieve a comprehensive skincare effect of “hydration + moisture retention + repair.” For example, in a daily skincare routine, you can choose a serum containing hyaluronic acid and pair it with a cream containing ceramides, satisfying both immediate hydration needs and long-term moisture retention and repair.

B2B: Where to Purchase Raw Materials

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of cosmetic ingredients such as hyaluronic acid and ceramides.

We Offer:

• Hyaluronic Acid Powder: High purity, non-animal, non-GMO, cosmetic grade, medical grade, food grade, injectable grade.
• Ceramides: Purity >98%, enhances intercellular cohesion in the stratum corneum.

Enjoy bulk purchase discounts and contract pricing.

FAQs

Q: What is the Main Difference Between Hyaluronic Acid and Ceramides?

A: HA primarily works to attract and retain moisture. Ceramides are mainly used to build and repair the skin barrier.

Q: In Terms of Moisturizing Effectiveness, Which is Better: Hyaluronic Acid or Ceramides?

A: HA excels in immediate hydration and increasing skin moisture, providing quick moisture to the skin. Ceramides are more effective for long-term hydration and maintaining the skin barrier.

Q: For Sensitive Skin, Which is More Suitable: Hyaluronic Acid or Ceramides?

A: Ceramides are more suitable for sensitive skin because they can repair and strengthen the skin barrier, reducing damage from external irritants.

Q: Can Hyaluronic Acid and Ceramides Be Used Together?

A: Of course. Combining them yields better results.

Read more:

Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: The Perfect Combination for Healthy Skin

Sodium Hyaluronate: Uses, Molecular Weight, Production and Derivatives

[i] Coderch L, López O, de la Maza A, Parra JL. Ceramides and skin function. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(2):107-29. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200304020-00004. PMID: 12553851.

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Therefore, the true way to alleviate alcohol intoxication is to break down the acetaldehyde in the liver. Substances that can directly or indirectly help the body process acetaldehyde are considered effective in alleviating alcohol intoxication.

Dihydromyricetin, Pueraria Extract, Vitamin B Complex, Silymarin, etc., are ingredients that can directly or indirectly alleviate alcohol intoxication.

Dihydromyricetin: A Multifaceted Ingredient for Alleviating Alcohol Intoxication

Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a naturally occurring flavonoid, is widely found in many plants such as vine tea, bayberry bark, and grape seeds.

Dihydromyricetin promotes the metabolism and elimination of acetaldehyde through various pathways. Firstly, it significantly enhances the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), accelerating the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid, thereby reducing the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body. This action not only alleviates discomfort caused by alcohol, such as headaches, nausea, and fatigue, but also reduces the toxic effects of acetaldehyde on the liver and other organs. Additionally, dihydromyricetin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help mitigate the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses generated during alcohol metabolism, protecting liver cells from damage.

Besides promoting alcohol metabolism, dihydromyricetin has been found to offer various other health benefits. It shows positive effects in antioxidation, anti-cancer, and protection of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Fig 1. Vine tea, the white is a flavonoid compound containing dihydromyricetin

Pueraria Extract: Comprehensive Relief from Alcohol Intoxication

Pueraria is a leguminous plant widely distributed in East Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. It contains various health-beneficial active ingredients, such as isoflavonoids, puerarin, vitamins, and minerals.

Pueraria provides comprehensive relief from alcohol intoxication. Extensive clinical evidence shows that pueraria can alleviate alcohol intoxication, sober up, quench thirst, and protect against alcohol-induced liver damage.

Taking pueraria before drinking can protect the liver and stomach, enhancing alcohol tolerance. Consuming it during drinking can accelerate the metabolism of alcohol, reducing its damage to the heart and brain. After drinking, pueraria can relieve symptoms caused by alcohol, such as nausea, headache, and dizziness, thus reducing the severity of intoxication.

Moreover, pueraria not only alleviates alcohol intoxication but also aids in alcohol cessation. Modern studies have found that pueraria extract selectively inhibits human acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, significantly reducing the alcohol intake of heavy drinkers.

Fig 2. Pueraria Extract

Vitamin B Complex: Assisting Alcohol Metabolism

Vitamin B complex is a group of water-soluble vitamins. It includes various vitamins such as Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B7, etc.

Alcohol metabolism in the body primarily occurs in the liver and involves two main steps:

• Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde.
• Acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid.

Vitamin B complex, especially Vitamins B1, B2, B6, and B12, plays an auxiliary role in the alcohol metabolism process.

• Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Participates in energy metabolism in the body, supports liver function, and helps increase the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, thereby accelerating the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde.
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Acts as a coenzyme in various redox reactions, helping to maintain the normal function of liver enzymes and supporting alcohol metabolism.
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Involved in amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of neurotransmitters, helping to alleviate the negative effects of alcohol on the nervous system.
• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folic Acid (Vitamin B9): Play important roles in red blood cell production and DNA synthesis, helping to repair cell damage caused by alcohol intake.

By supporting energy metabolism and nervous system health, the Vitamin B complex helps alleviate post-alcohol fatigue, headaches, and nervous system discomfort. Additionally, supplementing with Vitamin B complex can help restore the depletion of these vitamins caused by alcohol intake, promoting the body’s recovery.

Fig 3. Vitamin B Complex

Silymarin: Providing Liver Protection

Silymarin is an extract from the seeds of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), belonging to the flavonoid class of compounds. It has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and liver-protective effects.

Silymarin is best known for its protective effects on the liver. It can stimulate the regeneration of liver cells, helping to repair damaged liver tissue. Silymarin also enhances the activity of the liver’s detoxification enzyme system, improving the liver’s ability to metabolize and eliminate toxins.

Although silymarin does not directly promote alcohol metabolism, it indirectly helps the body process and metabolize alcohol more effectively by protecting and supporting liver function. Silymarin’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties reduce the damage acetaldehyde causes to liver cells, enabling the liver to handle alcohol and its metabolites more efficiently. Additionally, silymarin can enhance the activity of various detoxification enzymes in the liver, such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, increasing the liver’s ability to metabolize and eliminate alcohol and other toxins.

Fig 4. Milk Thistle

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of herbal extracts. We provide Dihydromyricetin (DHM), Pueraria Extract, Milk Thistle, Vitamin B\C\D, etc. For more information about these materials, please contact us: GET A QUOTE.

Conclusion

The key to alleviating alcohol intoxication lies in accelerating the breakdown and metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby reducing the harm alcohol inflicts on the body. Ingredients such as dihydromyricetin, pueraria extract, Vitamin B complex, and silymarin help the body process acetaldehyde directly or indirectly, alleviate post-alcohol discomfort, and protect liver health.

However, the effectiveness of these ingredients varies among individuals and cannot completely offset the dangers of excessive drinking. Therefore, moderate drinking or abstaining from alcohol remains the best choice for protecting health.

FAQs:

Q: Can alcohol alleviating medicines completely eliminate the harm caused by alcohol?

A: No. Alcohol alleviating medicines can only relieve some discomforts and cannot completely offset the harm alcohol causes to the body, especially the dangers of long-term excessive drinking.

Q: Can silymarin be taken long-term?

A: Silymarin is generally considered safe, but you should consult a doctor before taking it long-term, especially if you are taking other medications.

Q: Is dihydromyricetin safe?

A: DHM is considered safe, but some users may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as diarrhea, nausea, or stomach pain after taking DHM.

Q: Does dihydromyricetin help with hangover?

A: Yes, dihydromyricetin (DHM) may help alleviate hangover symptoms. Studies suggest that DHM can accelerate the metabolism of alcohol, reduce the buildup of toxic byproducts like acetaldehyde, and protect the liver from alcohol-induced damage.

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Hyaluronic Acid vs. Collagen: Performing Different Roles

Hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronan, is widely distributed in joint fluid, skin, and eyes. It is a high-level polysaccharide composed of repeating units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, and it is an important component of the extracellular matrix.

Collagen is a biological macromolecule primarily used to fill fine wrinkles and minor soft tissue defects. It is mainly distributed in bones, eyes, teeth, tendons, internal organs, and other areas. In the skin, it accounts for 70% of its composition, making it the most abundant protein in the human body.

Fig 1. Human skin structure

In the structure of skin tissues, hyaluronic acid acts as a moisture reservoir and locks in moisture, while collagen affects the skin’s fullness.

–Hyaluronic Acid: The Skin’s “Natural Reservoir”

Hyaluronic acid acts like a “sponge” in the skin, quickly replenishing moisture.

Fig 2. HA’s powerful moisturizing effect

1. Core Function: Strong Hydration

Hyaluronic acid has an extremely high water-absorbing capacity, capable of absorbing 1,000 times its own weight in water, thereby improving dryness. A 2% pure hyaluronic acid aqueous solution can firmly retain 98% of moisture, making it the best natural moisturizer discovered, known as the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF).

2. Anti-Aging Function: Filling Fine Lines

Hyaluronic acid can fill the fine lines on the skin’s surface, making the skin appear plumper and smoother. However, it does not directly enhance skin elasticity; it primarily keeps the skin youthful through hydration.

3. Repair Function: Gentle Repair

Hyaluronic acid possesses gentle repair capabilities, promoting wound healing and making it suitable for sensitive or barrier-damaged skin. It also helps repair the skin’s natural barrier, enhancing its moisture-locking ability.

–Collagen: The Skin’s “Support Framework”

Collagen forms a network structure, an “elastic net” that supports the skin.

Fig 3. The supporting effect of the triple helix structure

1. Core Function: Enhancing Elasticity

Collagen is the main component of the dermis, responsible for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness. As age increases and this protein is lost, the skin gradually becomes loose and develops wrinkles. Supplementing collagen can help restore the skin’s support structure and enhance elasticity.

2. Anti-Aging Function: Deep Anti-Aging

Collagen can improve the skin’s elastic fiber network from the deep layers, reducing wrinkles and sagging. Compared to hyaluronic acid, its anti-aging effects are more lasting but require long-term use to see significant improvements.

3. Repair Function: Promoting Tissue Regeneration

Collagen can accelerate the repair of skin tissues, reduce scar formation, and is suitable for repairing deep injuries or post-surgical care.

–Summary

From a hydration perspective, hyaluronic acid is superior; from an anti-aging perspective, collagen can directly and quickly help restore skin elasticity. Both possess skin repair functions.

Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: Complementing Each Other

In skin tissue, collagen affects skin elasticity, while hyaluronic acid acts as a moisture reservoir. Although there are differences between the two, they complement each other.

Both are indispensable in human skin.

• Lack of Hyaluronic Acid — Dryness, roughness, flakiness
• Lack of Collagen — Sagging, drooping, aging

As age increases, the body’s collagen content gradually decreases, weakening the skin’s support function. At this point, hyaluronic acid plays an important role. It can promote the synthesis and maintenance of collagen, thereby slowing the skin aging process.

Hyaluronic acid’s strong moisturizing ability can adsorb and lock a large amount of moisture inside the skin. This moisturizing effect not only keeps the skin hydrated but also reduces moisture loss, making the skin elastic. Hyaluronic acid can also form a protective film to prevent environmental stimuli and damage to the skin, while helping other active ingredients penetrate deeper into the skin.

The coordinated relationship between collagen and hyaluronic acid is very important in skin care. When collagen levels decline, the role of hyaluronic acid becomes particularly significant. It can improve skin elasticity and firmness by increasing collagen synthesis. At the same time, hyaluronic acid’s moisturizing function helps maintain the skin’s moisture balance, preventing dryness and moisture loss. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can promote the metabolism of skin cells, accelerating the process of skin repair and regeneration.

Where to Buy

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of sodium hyaluronate and collagen peptides.

We offer:

• Sodium hyaluronate Powder: High purity, non-animal, non-GMO, cosmetic grade, medical grade, food grade, injectable grade.
• Collagen Peptides: Extracted using targeted enzymatic digestion technology and advanced membrane separation technology from animal tissues (fish scales, cow bones, chicken breast cartilage).

Enjoy bulk purchase discounts and contract pricing.

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They all have moisturizing effects: one is an acid, one is a salt, and one is a hydrolyzed product.

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is certainly familiar to everyone. Essentially, it is a high molecular weight acidic glycosaminoglycan. In the structure of Hyaluronic Acid, there are numerous hydrogen bonds, which can easily combine with water molecules and absorb up to 1000 times its own weight in water, thus possessing superior water retention properties. HA can increase the skin’s ability to retain water, enhance skin elasticity, plump and fill in fine lines and wrinkles, delaying aging.

Fig 1. The benefits of Hyaluronic Acid

Additionally, Hyaluronic Acid is an important component of human joint lubricant and the vitreous humor in the eyes, playing roles in regulation, permeability, and lubrication. Besides its current use in plastic surgery treatments, it is also widely used clinically in procedures such as intraocular lens implantation, ophthalmic surgeries, and arthritis treatments.

Summary:

• Chemical Structure: HA is a high molecular weight acidic glycosaminoglycan, a type of glycosaminoglycan. Its structure consists of repeating disaccharide units (D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine) linked by β-1,4 and β-1,3 glycosidic bonds.
• Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of Hyaluronic Acid ranges widely, from several million Daltons (high molecular weight) to several thousand Daltons (low molecular weight).
• Solubility: It has excellent moisturizing properties in water, but high molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid may form highly viscous solutions during dissolution, making it difficult to disperse evenly.

Sodium Hyaluronate: The Stable Derivative of Hyaluronic Acid with Wide Applications

Like Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate (SH, Sodium HA) is a component of human skin, present in connective tissues and the dermis. In skincare products, Sodium Hyaluronate is a common form of commercial Hyaluronic Acid, and HA is generally referred to as Sodium HA, serving moisturizing and hydrating functions.

Similar to Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate can keep the skin soft, smooth, and delicate, and is widely used in the high-end cosmetics industry as well as in the treatment of ocular syndromes.

At the same time, medical Sodium HA has good biocompatibility with the skin, capable of deeply repairing the skin base, hydrating and brightening, fading spots, and reducing acne scars. SH with a purity of 95% is active and plays roles in wound healing and antiviral activity. Therefore, in wound care, it is used to promote the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells, accelerate cell regeneration, and promote the healing of damaged areas.

When added to cosmetics, it can provide a barrier protective film for the skin, keeping it smooth, hydrated, delicate, and elastic. It can also be used as a food additive, widely added to dairy products, beverages, alcoholic drinks, and chocolates, but daily intake should not be excessive; the daily intake should be below 200 milligrams.

Summary:

• Chemical Structure: Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt form of HA, formed by neutralizing the carboxyl groups in HA.
• Molecular Weight: Similar to original Hyaluronic Acid, adjustable according to needs.
• Solubility: Solubility and stability are usually better than non-salted Hyaluronic Acid. Its sodium salt form presents lower viscosity upon dissolution in water, making it easier to apply to various products.

Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate: Advanced Derivative Enhancing Permeability and Bioavailability

Hyaluronic Acid can be broadly divided into high molecular, medium molecular, low molecular, and ultra-low molecular weights, with differences in skin feel, viscosity, and efficacy. Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is a form of extremely low molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid, also known as Oligomeric Hyaluronic Acid. Its molecular weight is generally less than 10 KDa, for example, HA-Oligo.

Typically, high molecular Hyaluronic Acid is broken down by enzymes to obtain Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate with slightly lower molecular weight to improve permeability. Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate can penetrate through pores and intercellular spaces into the deeper layers of the skin, reaching the dermis to play a foundational repair effect.

Summary:

• Chemical Structure: Hydrolyzed SH is a low molecular weight form obtained by chemically or enzymatically hydrolyzing Sodium Hyaluronate. During hydrolysis, the long chains of Sodium Hyaluronate are cut into shorter polysaccharide or oligosaccharide chains.
• Molecular Weight: Typically less than 10 KDa.
• Solubility: Due to the lower molecular weight, Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate has higher solubility and lower viscosity in water.

The table 1 below summarizes the differences among Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate, and Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate from four dimensions: chemical structure, molecular weight, solubility, and applications.

Table 1. Hyaluronic Acid vs. Sodium Hyaluronate vs. Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of Sodium Hyaluronate Powder. We provide customers with high-purity, non-animal, non-GMO Hyaluronic Acid powder, Sodium HA Powder, and HA-Oligo. Enjoy bulk purchase discounts and contract pricing.

• SDS of Sodium Hyaluronate
• Sodium Hyaluronate production flow chart

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What is Dihydromyricetin

Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid compound primarily found in plants such as vine tea. As a natural antioxidant, DHM is renowned for its powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. The significant liver-protective effects of dihydromyricetin have been confirmed by numerous scientific studies, making it commonly used for liver protection and alleviating hangovers. Additionally, DHM has been extensively researched for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including alcohol poisoning, liver fibrosis, and certain types of cancer.

Current Main Uses of DHM:

• Liver Protection: DHM protects liver cells from damage and promotes liver function recovery by reducing liver inflammation and oxidative stress.
• Hangover Relief: Studies have shown that DHM can accelerate alcohol metabolism, reducing hangover symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and fatigue.
• Antioxidant: DHM effectively neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
• Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial: Its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties make it potential for treating infections and inflammatory diseases.

Fig 1. Plant source of DHM, rattan tea

Multiple Benefits of Dihydromyricetin for Skin

Based on its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, dihydromyricetin is considered to have broad skincare potential.

Firstly, it helps the skin eliminate free radicals. Free radicals are one of the main factors causing skin aging and damage. As a highly efficient antioxidant, DHM can neutralize free radicals, reducing their destructive impact on skin cells. This plays a crucial role in skin anti-aging, as it can decrease the formation of fine lines and wrinkles, delaying the skin aging process.

The benefits of dihydromyricetin for the skin are also reflected in its anti-lipid peroxidation effects. Lipid peroxidation is a common damage mechanism when the skin is exposed to external factors such as ultraviolet rays and pollutants. DHM can inhibit lipid peroxidation reactions, protect the integrity of cell membranes, and reduce skin inflammation and damage caused by lipid peroxidation.

Dihydromyricetin has significant anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, making it suitable for repairing the facial barrier. Inflammation and bacterial infections are the root causes of many skin problems, such as acne, redness, and skin sensitivity. DHM can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, reducing the skin’s inflammatory response. Studies have shown that DHM inhibits various pathogenic bacteria. It can prevent and control bacterial-induced skin issues like acne, maintaining skin cleanliness and health. Additionally, research has found that dihydromyricetin is a natural DNA methylation inhibitor, which has the effect of repairing human skin.[1]

Fig 2. Identification of DHM as a DNMT inhibitor

Skincare Products That Already Use Dihydromyricetin

Some brands have begun incorporating it as a functional ingredient into their product lines.

Dr. Dennis Gross, a well-known skincare brand, used dihydromyricetin in their 2020 C+ Collagen Brighten & Firm Vitamin C Serum. This product is designed to improve overall skin health by combining DHM with vitamin C.

Another product containing dihydromyricetin comes from Peter Thomas Roth, launched in 2021 as the Potent-C™ Targeted Spot Brightening Corrector. In this product, dihydromyricetin provides strong antioxidant protection, slows down aging caused by environmental factors, and helps enhance the skin’s resistance to external pollutants.

These examples demonstrate that dihydromyricetin has been used in skincare products, particularly in anti-aging, brightening, and repair applications.

Conclusion: DHM Can Be Used in Skincare

With its outstanding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, dihydromyricetin has shown extensive potential for application in skincare products. Both scientific research and preliminary market applications indicate that DHM can effectively improve skin health, delay the aging process, and enhance the skin’s defensive capabilities. Therefore, dihydromyricetin fully possesses the potential to be incorporated into skincare products and is expected to become one of the star ingredients in skincare in the future.

Precautions When Using Dihydromyricetin

When using dihydromyricetin (DHM) in skincare, although it has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects, the following precautions should be taken to achieve the best results and avoid potential irritation or discomfort:

1. Skin Testing: If your skin has not been exposed to DHM or other similar antioxidant ingredients, it is recommended to perform a patch test first.
2. Sun Protection: Although dihydromyricetin itself has antioxidant protective effects, it does not provide complete sun protection. It is advisable to use it in conjunction with sunscreen.
3. Compatibility with Other Actives: Dihydromyricetin is a gentle antioxidant and is generally compatible with most skincare ingredients. However, using it alongside other potent active ingredients (such as high concentrations of vitamin C, alpha hydroxy acids, retinoids, etc.) may cause skin irritation.

By following these guidelines, you can maximize the benefits of dihydromyricetin in your skincare routine while minimizing the risk of adverse effects.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) has over 16 years of experience in the manufacture and sale of skin care and personal care ingredients. We offer skin care ingredient raw materials to meet a variety of skin care needs, such as Hyaluronic Acid, DHM, Panthenol, Asiaticoside, Ceramide and so on.

[1] Falckenhayn, Cassandra  and Bienkowska, Identification of dihydromyricetin as a natural DNA methylation inhibitor with rejuvenating activity in human skin,

Frontiers in Aging, 4, 2024, DOI 10.3389/fragi.2023.1258184, ISSN 2673-6217

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As a key moisturizing ingredient, sodium hyaluronate is widely recognized. Let’s begin with a brief introduction.

Sodium hyaluronate (the sodium salt form of hyaluronic acid) is a polysaccharide naturally present in human tissues. It is a transparent, viscous substance with excellent moisturizing, lubricating, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a common ingredient in skincare products and an effective component in eye drops for relieving dry eyes.

So, what is ectoine?

Ectoine is an amino acid derivative found in “Halophile” that thrives in extreme environments. In 1985, German scientist Professor Galinski discovered ectoine in the saline lakes of the Egyptian desert.

It regulates cell osmotic pressure, acting as a natural “protective shield” that enables halophilic bacteria to survive in extreme conditions like high temperatures, high salinity, and intense UV radiation. Biotech companies identified its potential and began producing ectoine (C₆H₁₀N₂O₂) through fermentation. Today, ectoine is used in biomedicine (eye drops, nasal sprays, oral sprays) and skincare products.

Fig 1. Desert salt lake with no grass growing

Sodium Hyaluronate vs Ectoine: Which is Better for Skin

Sodium hyaluronate has been used in skincare products since the 1980s. The exceptional moisturizing ability has made it a star ingredient in the skincare industry. Ectoine, widely adopted by skincare brands since 2019, has gained recognition for its outstanding moisturizing and repair effects, leading to rapid growth in its applications.

Let’s compare the effects of the two

1. Moisturizing

Both ingredients provide moisturizing benefits, but their mechanisms and results differ.

Sodium hyaluronate molecules can absorb hundreds to thousands of times their weight in water. It draws moisture from the environment and locks it in, keeping the skin hydrated. It also forms a breathable hydrating film on the skin’s surface, reducing water evaporation and preventing dryness. What’s more, low-molecular-weight HA can penetrate the dermis, offering deep hydration.

Fig 2. HA for skin

Ectoine’s moisturizing function differs, focusing more on protection and regulation. It binds with water molecules to form a stable hydration shell around cells, creating a protective shield. This shield effectively prevents water loss from skin cells and maintains water balance inside and outside the cells. Additionally, by stabilizing cell membranes and protein structures, ectoine enhances cellular resistance to external stressors like dryness, UV rays, and high temperatures, reducing water loss risks.

Fig 3. The moisturizing principle of Ecdoin

Conclusion: Ectoine’s moisturizing ability leans toward “protective hydration,” without directly absorbing water like sodium hyaluronate. For those focused on hydration, sodium hyaluronate offers more immediate results.

2. Skin Repair:

Sodium hyaluronate is popular in skincare for its skin repair properties. It stabilizes and attracts growth factors (EGF), accelerating cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. It also has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, reducing damage caused by inflammation.

Ectoine’s repair function is more prominent, especially for sensitive and inflamed skin. When exposed to environmental stressors like high temperatures, UV radiation, hypoxia, heavy metal toxicity, or viral infections, ectoine triggers emergency protective and regenerative responses, helping cells maintain normal physiological activity. Merck data shows that 1.0% Ecdoin can induce a faster stress response, prevent cell damage, and increase the speed of self-healing by 2-3 times.

Conclusion: For skin sensitivity, barrier damage, acne-related breakouts, or sunburn-induced redness, products with ectoine can quickly provide repair and soothing effects.

Key Characteristics Comparison:

Sodium Hyaluronate vs Ectoine: Which is Better for Eyes

Sodium hyaluronate and ectoine are both vital ingredients in eye drops, but their benefits differ in focus.

Sodium hyaluronate is more suitable for individuals with dry eye syndrome, contact lens wearers, or those needing immediate hydration. Its properties allow it to absorb water and form a hydrating film on the eye surface, relieving dryness. Moreover, its natural presence in human tissues ensures high safety with minimal irritation.

Ectoine, on the other hand, is ideal for individuals with eye inflammation, sensitivity, or exposure to harsh environments. By forming a “hydration shell,” ectoine enhances the stability of ocular cells, protecting them from external irritants. It also stabilizes the lipid layer of the tear film, preventing excessive evaporation.

–Synergistic Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate and Ectoine

Studies show that combining ectoine with sodium hyaluronate delivers enhanced synergy in relieving dry eyes. This combination significantly improves water-binding ability, effectively hydrates the eyes, stabilizes the tear film, and reduces tear evaporation. Additionally, it forms a durable hydrating film on the eye surface, firmly adhering to the cornea and ocular surface to provide robust protection against external irritants. Furthermore, this combination is highly effective in alleviating irritation caused by environmental dryness, inflammation symptoms, and itching or burning sensations during allergic reactions.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of sodium hyaluronate powder and ectoine powder. In addition, we also provide chondroitin sulfate for cataract surgery eye drops and joints. For more information on these materials, please check out our home page.

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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like nutrient found in the membranes of human cells and is an essential element for the body. It is distributed throughout the body, especially in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas. CoQ10 can be synthesized internally or supplemented through dietary intake.

Fig 1. Concentration of coenzymeQ10 in different human tissues[1]

What Are the Functions of Coenzyme Q10

Like vitamins, coenzyme Q10 indirectly influences health through metabolism. It primarily participates in the processes of energy production and oxygen metabolism in the body. Studies show that CoQ10 levels are correlated with energy levels and cardiovascular health.

Coenzyme Q10 is directly involved in the body’s energy supply process. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the most critical energy source for the body, and CoQ10 is an essential cofactor in its synthesis. It participates in a series of redox reactions during ATP production.

Coenzyme Q10 helps the body achieve oxidative balance. Factors such as air pollution, ultraviolet (UV) rays, stress, and unhealthy lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise) inevitably produce oxygen free radicals. As a fat-soluble antioxidant, CoQ10 effectively removes free radicals generated during cellular metabolism. Therefore, coenzyme Q10 has anti-aging effects and is a key ingredient in many anti-aging skincare products.

Fig 2. Free radical generating substances

Coenzyme Q10 Levels Decline with Age

Age-Related Changes in Coenzyme Q10 Levels

• 20-30 Years: Peak Levels

In young adulthood, CoQ10 levels are typically at their highest, effectively supporting cellular energy production and antioxidant functions.

• 30-40 Years: Initial Decline

Around age 30, the body’s natural ability to synthesize CoQ10 begins to decline, particularly in organs with high energy demands, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys.

• 50 Years and Older: Significant Reduction

By age 50 and beyond, CoQ10 levels may decrease by 25-50% compared to peak levels. This reduction can impair cellular functions, increase oxidative stress, and elevate the risk of chronic diseases.

This natural physiological process impacts energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Mitochondrial energy production efficiency decreases, potentially leading to increased fatigue and reduced physical performance. Furthermore, susceptibility to oxidative stress increases, heightening the risk of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). Accelerated cellular damage also leads to more noticeable skin aging, such as wrinkles and sagging.

Improving Coenzyme Q10 Levels Through Diet and Supplements

Coenzyme Q10 can be replenished through dietary sources. Foods rich in CoQ10 include meat, fish, and whole grains, with organ meats being particularly high in CoQ10.

Fig 3. Coenzyme Q10 Content of Foods

When dietary intake is insufficient to significantly increase CoQ10 levels, supplements can be taken. Coenzyme Q10 supplements are generally safe with minimal side effects and can be used as dietary supplements under medical guidance.

• Standard Dosage: The recommended daily dose ranges from 90 mg to 200-500 mg.
• Absorption: Being a fat-soluble compound, CoQ10 is absorbed slowly and in limited amounts. Taking it with food can triple the absorption rate.

Clinical Applications of Coenzyme Q10 Supplements

1. Cardiovascular Health

The Q-SYMBIO study showed that CoQ10 supplementation reduces the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. It also improved NYHA functional classification in heart failure patients.

2. Migraine Prevention and Treatment

Studies reveal that individuals with migraines generally have lower CoQ10 levels. Compared to those who do not take CoQ10, supplementation can reduce migraine incidence by threefold. In a larger study, 1,550 patients with low coenzyme Q10 levels experienced reduced pain severity and fewer migraine episodes after treatment. As a result, CoQ10 has been recommended by the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society for migraine prevention and treatment.[2]

3. Skin Health

Coenzyme Q10 can reduce internal and external damage to the skin by enhancing cellular energy production and promoting antioxidant protection. Topical application of CoQ10 has been shown to reduce UV-induced oxidative damage, minimize wrinkle depth, and even lower the risk of skin cancer.

Who Should Supplement Coenzyme Q10

Based on the functions and applications of CoQ10, the following groups may consider taking CoQ10 supplements:

• Aging Individuals
• Cardiovascular Disease Patients
• Statin Users

Statins, while inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, also reduce CoQ10 synthesis, leading to lower CoQ10 levels.

• Migraine Sufferers
• Individuals Experiencing Fatigue or Engaging in High Levels of Physical Activity
• People with Skin Aging or Long-Term UV Exposure

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is recognized as a reliable supplier of Coenzyme Q10, catering to a wide range of industries, including pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Send us an inquiry if you are interested.

[1] Okamoto T, et al. Internat J Vit Nutr Res 59; 288-92; Aberg et al. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Biophysics 1992; 295: 230-4; Shindo Y, et al. J Invets Dermatol 1994; 102 : 122-4.

[2] Parohan M, Sarraf P, Javanbakht MH, Ranji-Burachaloo S, Djalali M. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on clinical features of migraine: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Neurosci. 2020 Nov;23(11):868-875. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1572940. Epub 2019 Feb 6. PMID: 30727862.

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What is Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is recognized as one of the best moisturizing substances currently discovered, regarded as the optimal humectant. It has an exceptional water-absorbing ability, capable of retaining water up to 1,000 times its own volume. HA is abundantly present in the skin, forming one of the main components of the skin’s extracellular matrix. This substance can bind with proteins to form larger proteoglycan molecules, ultimately creating a gel-like structure of hyaluronic acid-protein-water, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin’s moisture.

The Importance of Hyaluronic Acid for the Skin：

HA within the dermis provides space and nutrients for collagen and elastic fibers, forming a structural framework for the skin. This is essential for maintaining the stability, integration, and elasticity of skin tissues.

Hyaluronic Acids by Molecular Weight

Hyaluronic acid can be classified based on its molecular weight into:

• High Molecular Weight HA (HMW-HA): Above 1,800 KDa.
• Medium Molecular Weight HA (MMW-HA): Between 200 KDa and 1,800 KDa.
• Low Molecular Weight HA (LMW-HA): Between 5 KDa and 200 KDa.
• Oligomeric Hyaluronic Acid (Oligo-HA): Below 10 KDa.

Further subdivision identifies Micro-Hyaluronic Acid (Micro-HA) with a molecular weight below 5 KDa.

Learning more: Comparative Analysis of Hyaluronic Acid with Different Molecular Weights

Each molecular weight category has distinct physicochemical properties and application areas. HMW-HA is commonly used in ophthalmic and orthopedic surgical products due to its excellent viscoelasticity and lubricating properties. MMW-HA finds widespread applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and health products. LMW-HA is often used in cosmetics and health supplements for its better absorption. Oligo-HA and Micro-HA are primarily utilized in medical and cosmetic products.

What is Micro-Hyaluronic Acid

Micro-HA refers to ultra-low molecular weight HA fragments (below 5 KDa) obtained through the degradation of hyaluronic acid. Studies have shown that Micro-HA can quickly penetrate beneath the stratum corneum, providing long-lasting hydration to the skin. As a natural component of the human body, Micro-HA has excellent biocompatibility, offering comprehensive moisturizing and anti-aging effects. It represents a new generation of hyaluronic acid products.

Micro- Hyaluronic Acid vs. Regular Hyaluronic Acid

Micro-sodium hyaluronate stands out from regular sodium hyaluronate with the following features:

• Ultra-Low Molecular Weight: Micro-sodium hyaluronate has a molecular weight of less than 5 kDa.
• Strong Permeability: Its superior permeability allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum and reach the basal layer of the skin.
• Enhanced Moisturizing Ability: The moisturizing effect of micro-sodium hyaluronate is 6-7 times stronger than that of regular sodium hyaluronate.
• Superior Skin Affinity: While regular sodium hyaluronate forms a film on the skin’s surface that is easily washed off, micro-sodium hyaluronate binds to skin cells, providing robust hydration support and protection that is less prone to being washed away.

Advantages of Micro-Hyaluronic Acid

1. Deep Moisturization

Micro-HA can penetrate the skin and provide deep hydration, significantly increasing skin moisture content. When combined with high molecular weight HA, the moisturizing effect is further enhanced synergistically.

2. Repair of Damaged Cells

Micro-HA repairs damaged cells, enhancing cellular activity and reducing damage caused by external factors.

3. Free Radical Scavenging

Micro-HA eliminates reactive oxygen species induced by sunlight, enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity and improving the skin’s defense against UVB radiation.

4. Anti-Aging

Continuous use of skincare products containing Micro-HA improves skin elasticity, strengthens the skin barrier, reduces wrinkles, and provides anti-aging benefits.

How Does Micro-Hyaluronic Acid Benefit the Skin

High molecular weight hyaluronic acid cannot penetrate the normal skin barrier and forms a breathable thin film on the skin surface. Its primary function is to keep the skin smooth and moisturized while protecting it from bacteria, dust, and UV radiation. In contrast, low molecular weight HA can penetrate the skin barrier to the dermis, suppress inflammatory responses, promote angiogenesis, improve intermediate metabolism, enhance nutrient absorption, and reduce wrinkles.

In the dermis, Micro-HA participates in the metabolism of collagen and elastic fibers, providing moisture and nutrients and enhancing skin elasticity.

In vitro experiments have shown that Micro-HA can:

• Increase collagen synthesis (+100%)
• Activate glutamine transaminase (+100%)
• Reduce matrix metalloproteinase activity (-15%)

Collagen is a key extracellular matrix component responsible for skin strength, while the proper organization and alignment of collagen fibers involve glutamine transaminase. Matrix metalloproteinases degrade collagen fibers. In summary, Micro-HA exerts anti-wrinkle effects by acting on these substances within the body.

Where to Buy the Best Micro Hyaluronic Acid

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a wholesale supplier of pure organic hyaluronic acid in the USA. The company has rich experience in medical-grade, cosmetic-grade, Injection-Grade, and food-grade sodium hyaluronate. The high molecular weight, middle molecular weight, low molecular, and oligomeric weight hyaluronic acid powder are available as well. We offer hyaluronic acid raw materials to customers in the USA, Canada, and Europe. A detailed description of Micro-HA is listed below. For further information, please make your inquiry.

020-000-118 Micro Hyaluronic Acid Specification

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